四种定性方法在中医量表研制中的适宜性探索——以《七情量表》为例  

Taking"Seven Emotions Scale"as an Example to Explore the Suitability of Four Qualitative Methods in the Development of TCM Scale

作　　者：姚思梦 宁小英 徐钦涌 陈远方 郑伟 刘继洪[1] 刘凤斌[6] 侯政昆[6] YAO Simeng;NING Xiaoying;XU Qinyong;CHEN Yuanfang;ZHENG Wei;LIU Jihong;LIUFengbin;HOU Zhengkun(Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foshan,528000;Jiangyou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital;Southern Medical University Third Hospital;The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University;The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]佛山市中医院,广东省佛山市528000 [2]江油市中医医院 [3]东莞市滨海湾中心医院 [4]南方医科大学第三附属医院 [5]广州医科大学附属脑科医院 [6]广州中医药大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《中医杂志》2024年第20期2102-2108,共7页Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81774450);广东省教育厅重点领域专项(2020ZDZX3011);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3503002);广州中医药大学第一附属医院中青年骨干人才培育项目(中医一院〔2023〕186号)。

摘　　要：目的探索四种定性方法在中医量表研制过程中应用的适宜性。方法以《七情量表》的研制为例,采用目的抽样,对31名符合诊断标准的中医情志病患者和10名健康人进行半结构式访谈,根据访谈提纲收集与七情相关的心理感受、情绪认知等资料。以描述性质性研究方法和描述性现象学方法对资料进行分析,构建量表条目库;以常用的扎根理论、框架分析法构建量表概念框架。结果在对资料进行分析的过程中发现,描述性现象学方法中所提炼的主题不易被受试者理解,且研究者难以真正地做到现象学要求的“悬置”,综合考虑研究者实际操作的可行性、便利性,以及是否能达到将受试者的观点感受直观地纳入量表研究的最初目的,描述性现象学方法不适用于量表条目的形成。利用描述性质性研究方法分析健康人和情志病患者访谈资料,分别获得306条和476条量表条目;经扎根理论分析,获得身体症状、外在表现、心理感受、行为举止、情绪控制五个选择式编码;利用框架分析法,构建了身体症状、心理感受、行为表现、情绪认知四个主题。扎根理论与框架分析法均可用于量表概念框架的构建,但是框架分析法更具有便利性,更能保障研究过程的透明性。结论描述性质性研究方法可用于中医量表条目库的形成,框架分析法比扎根理论更适合于量表概念框架的构建,而描述性现象学方法不适用于中医量表的研制。Objective To explore the suitability of four qualitative research methods in the development of TCM scale.Methods Taking the development of"Seven Emotions Scale"as an example,we conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 patients of emotional disorders and 10 healthy people by objective sampling,and collected psychologi⁃cal feelings and emotional cognition data related to seven emotions according to the interview outline.Two qualitative methods,descriptive qualitative research and descriptive phenomenology,were used to analyze the data and construct the item library of the scale.The conceptual framework of the scale was constructed by using commonly used grounded theory and frame analysis.Results During data analysis,it is found that the themes extracted from descriptive phe⁃nomenology were not easily understood by the interviewees,and it is difficult for the researchers to truly achieve the"sus⁃pension"required by phenomenology.Considering the feasibility and convenience of the researchers'actual operation,as well as whether the initial purpose of the scale research can be intuitively included in the interviewees'views and feel⁃ings,descriptive phenomenology is not suitable for the formation of scale items.Using descriptive qualitative research method to analyze the interview data of healthy people and patients with emotional disorders,306 and 476 scale items were obtained respectively.Through grounded theory,five selective codes were obtained:physical symptoms,external manifestations,psychological feelings,behaviors and emotional control.Using frame analysis,four themes including physical symptoms,psychological feelings,behavior and emotional cognition were constructed.Both methods can be used to construct the conceptual frame of scale,but the framework analysis is more convenient and can better ensure the transparency of the research.Conclusion Descriptive qualitative research methods can be used to form the item library of TCM scales.Framework analysis is more suitable for the construction of the co

关 键 词：中医量表 扎根理论 框架分析 描述性现象学 描述性质性研究 定性研究 

分 类 号：R24[医药卫生—中医临床基础]