社会系统视角下“双减”政策的理论探究、执行困境及其优化  

Theoretical Interpretation,Realistic Dilemma and Optimization of the Implementation of"Double Reduction"Policy:Based on Luhmann's Social System Theory

作　　者：刘倩 LIU Qian(School of Education Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第18期53-62,共10页Research in Educational Development

摘　　要：科学“双减”必须坚持系统思维。本文借助尼克拉斯·卢曼的社会系统理论对“双减”政策赋予新的解读,构建“双减”政策的系统分析框架对“双减”执行困境及其优化路径进行探究。“双减”政策旨在改变简单的教育改革思维模式,构建系统性的教育政策干预模式;改变行政强制干预的政策思路,尊重教育系统的内在规律生态;改变单纯依赖外力的学校驱动方式,增强学校自主发展的内动力。“双减”政策取得一定成效的同时也存在着学校教育系统与其环境难以良好互动、学校教育系统内部缺乏有效沟通、教育系统运转逻辑与教育减负改革逻辑相悖的问题。为推动“双减”政策有效实施,需厘清系统与环境的边界,营造学校与社会协同育人的良好生态;加强系统内部因素沟通,构建学校教育可持续发展的长效机制;提高系统自我规制能力,形成多元的教育符码和评价指标体系。Scientific"double reduction"must adhere to systematic thinking.This paper gives a new interpretation to the policy of"double reduction"with the help of the social system theory of Niklas Luhmann,and constructs a systematic analysis framework for the implementation of the policy of"double reduction"to explore the realistic dilemma and its optimization path.The policy of"double reduction"aims to change the simple thinking mode of education reform and build a systematic intervention mode of education policy;Change the policy thinking of administrative compulsory intervention and respect the inherent law ecology of the education system;Change the school-driven mode that relies solely on external forces and enhance the internal motivation of independent development of schools.While the policy of"double reduction"has achieved certain results,there are also some problems,such as the difficult interaction between the school education system and its environment,the lack of effective communication within the school education system,and the contradiction between the logic of the operation of the education system and the logic of the education burden reduction reform.In order to promote the effective implementation of the"double reduction"policy,it is necessary to clarify the boundary between the system and the environment and create a good ecology of collaborative education between schools and society;Strengthen the communication of internal factors in the system and build a long-term mechanism for the sustainable development of school education;Improve the self-regulation ability of the system and form a diversified educational code and evaluation index system.

关 键 词：“减负” “双减”政策 复杂性 社会系统理论 教育系统 

分 类 号：G639.20[文化科学—教育学]