台湾地区史前考古发现与研究简论  

An Overview of Prehistoric Archaeological Discoveries and Research in Taiwan

作　　者：赵春光 Zhao Chunguang

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系(珠海)

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2024年第4期88-100,共13页Taiwan History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“海南东南沿海史前文化与南岛语族考古”(批准号:20CKG002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：台湾地区史前考古萌芽于19世纪末,迄今已有百余年历史。该地区史前考古的发展可以通过三个阶段进行考察:第一阶段从19世纪末至20世纪40年代中期,日本业余考古学者揭开了台湾史前考古的序幕,最初的调查、发掘是人类学和民族学调查的“副产物”,为“土俗人种学讲座”提供了资料,史前史研究主要受传播论的影响,台湾地区与中国内地史前文化关系初见端倪。第二阶段从20世纪40年代末至70年代,台湾中研院史语所与台湾大学人类学系师生成为开展考古工作的主要力量,国际合作与多学科科际合作是考古发掘与研究的新趋势,龙山形成期理论成为主流学说,构建史前文化序列则是这一阶段的主要任务。第三阶段从20世纪80年代至今,输入台湾地区的新考古学与传统考古学并行发展,相互作用圈理论与区系类型理论是主要理论学说,“抢救考古”是这一期田野工作的主要特色,文化内涵、文化编年序列等文化研究取得了重要成就。随着考古发现与研究的深入,台湾地区在东亚、东南亚以及太平洋地区史前文化研究中的地位愈发重要,值得更进一步研究。The prehistoric archaeology of Taiwan can be traced back to the end of the 19th century,which lasted over one hundred years.The development of prehistoric archaeology in Taiwan has been divided into three major stages.The initial period began from the end of the 19th century to the middle of the 1940s.Japanese amateur archaeologists mainly undertook archaeological investigations,and these works have the traditions of ethnology and anthropology,which enriched the collections of a Chair of Ethnology.The cultural diffusion theory influenced the research,and the prehistoric cultural relation between the Taiwan region and the mainland was recognized.The second period operated from the end of the 1940s and lasted until the 1970s.The Institute of History and Philology,Academia Sinica,and Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at Taiwan University played essential roles in the excavations and investigations under international and interdisciplinary cooperation.The main target was constructing the prehistoric cultural sequences,and the"Lungshanoid Culture"supported by Chang Kwang-chih was the theoretical hypothesis to explain the formation of Neolithic cultures in Taiwan.Since the 1980s,New Archaeology originated from the US and was transmitted into Taiwan,coexisting with traditional archaeology.Then,the two influential models,"Interaction Sphere"and"Regional Systems and Cultural Types,"proposed by Chang Kwang-chih and Su Bingqi,respectively,have been widely accepted.Rescue archaeology was an essential feature of the current work,and cultural connotation and chronological sequence were achieved through discoveries and research.Therefore,Taiwan archaeology provides multiple and international perspectives to consider the relationship among East Asia,Southeast Asia,and the Pacific,which needs further study.

关 键 词：台湾地区考古 史前考古 考古学史 文化研究 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]