跑步疲劳进程中人体下肢着地冲击时的肌肉激活变化特征  

Changes of muscle activation during landing impact of human lower limbs during accumulation of running fatigue

作　　者：吴倩 魏梦力 曹偲佳 于婷婷 钟亚平 WU Qian;WEI Mengli;CAO Sijia;YU Tingting;ZHONG Yaping(College of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China;Hubei Sports and Health Innovation and Development Research Center,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉市430079 [2]湖北省运动与健康创新发展研究中心,湖北武汉市430079

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2024年第10期1215-1223,共9页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：湖北省高等学校省级教学研究项目(No.2022395);国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目(No.22FTYA001)。

摘　　要：目的探究跑步疲劳进程中人体下肢着地冲击时的肌肉激活变化。方法2022年11月至12月,于武汉体育学院招募11例男性跑者,分别以个人75%最大心率强度进行恒定负荷跑,并持续至Borg评分≥17和个人90%最大心率时停止。采用Delsys无线表面肌电系统,全程记录被试的股四头肌(股内侧肌、股直肌、股外侧肌)、腘绳肌(股二头肌、半腱肌)、臀大肌、腓肠肌外侧头和胫骨前肌的肌电数据,分析下肢肌肉预激活、后激活和共激活特征。结果随着跑步疲劳积累,不同疲劳时刻间胫骨前肌的预激活水平存在显著性差异(F=2.955,P=0.048),100%时刻的胫骨前肌预激活水平高于start时刻(P=0.010)。不同疲劳时刻间股四头肌的后激活水平存在明显差异(F=6.609,P=0.001),其中100%时刻的股四头肌后激活水平高于start时刻(P=0.011)、33%(P=0.009)和67%(P=0.043)时刻。不同疲劳时刻间踝关节预激活阶段的共激活比存在显著性差异(F=3.287,P=0.034),其中100%时刻的踝关节预激活阶段的共激活比大于start时刻(P=0.023)。结论随着跑步疲劳积累,中枢系统会调节下肢各肌肉的激活水平,以调整下肢着地冲击时的姿态,进而降低下肢负荷累积所带来的损伤风险。Objective To investigate changes of muscle activation in the lower limbs during landing impact as running fatigue progresses.Methods From November to December,2022,eleven male runners were recruited from Wuhan Sports University.They performed a steady-state run at 75% of their maximum heart rate and continued until Borg rating score≥17 or 90% of their maximum heart rate.Muscle activity data were collected using a Delsys wireless surface electromyography system,continuously recording the EMG of the quadriceps(vastus medialis,rectus femoris,vastus lateralis),hamstrings(biceps femoris,semitendinosus),gluteus maximus,lateral head of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.The pre-activation,post-activation and co-activation characteristics of these lower limb muscles were analyzed.Results With fatigue accumulation during running,significant differences were observed in the pre-activation level of the tibialis anterior among different fatigue points(F=2.955,P=0.048),with the 100% fatigue point showing significantly higher pre-activation levels than the start(P=0.010);as well as post-activation levels of quadriceps(F=6.609,P=0.001),with higher levels at the 100% point compared to the start(P=0.011),33%(P=0.009)and 67%(P=0.043)fatigue points;co-activation ratios of ankle joint during the pre-activation phase(F=3.287,P=0.034),with a significantly higher co-activation ratio at the 100%fatigue point compared to the start(P=0.023).Conclusion As running fatigue accumulates,the central nervous system adjusts the activation levels of various lower limb muscles to modify impact posture,reducing the risk of injury from accumulated lower limb loads.

关 键 词：跑步 运动疲劳 表面肌电 神经肌肉控制 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]