发酵饲料对牛蛙生长性能、肌肉营养成分及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Fermented Diet on Growth Performance,Muscle Nutritional Composition and Intestinal Flora of Bullfrogs

作　　者：向述辉 朱波 蔡明浪 邵闯 桂飞 刘庄鹏 胡毅[1] 陈开健[1] XIANG Shuhui;ZHU Bo;CAI Minglang;SHAO Chuang;GUI Fei;LIU Zhuangpeng;HU Yi;CHEN Kaijian(Fisheries College,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Qingdao Master Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266061,China;Zhangjiajie Xinrui Biological Feed Co.,Ltd.,Zhangjiajie 427200,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学水产学院,长沙410128 [2]青岛玛斯特生物技术有限公司,青岛266061 [3]张家界市新瑞生物饲料有限公司,张家界427200

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第10期6643-6655,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：发酵饲料在牛蛙养殖中的应用技术研究(2021kjc-js160);张家界新瑞生物特种水产饲料研发(xczx-2024090)。

摘　　要：为研究投喂不同比例发酵饲料对牛蛙的生长性能、肌肉营养成分及肠道菌群的影响,将960只初始体重为(46.98±0.05)g的牛蛙随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复80只牛蛙。4组牛蛙使用4种饲料进行投喂,具体为100%基础饲料(F1组)、75%基础饲料+25%发酵饲料(F2组)、50%基础饲料+50%发酵饲料(F3组)和100%发酵饲料(F4组)。牛蛙在网箱微流水中养殖,每日投喂2次(08:00、16:00),每日定量投喂牛蛙体重的2%~3%,投喂饲料重以干物质计算,每周依据体重及摄食情况调整投饵量,试验持续8周。结果显示:1)与F1组相比,3个发酵饲料组(F2、F3、F4组)牛蛙终末重和增重率显著增加(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);高发酵饲料组(F3、F4组)牛蛙存活率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)相较于F1组,F3、F4组牛蛙肠道脂肪酶(LPS)、淀粉酶(AMS)活性显著上升(P<0.05)。3)与F1组相比,F4组牛蛙肌肉粗蛋白质含量及必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸、氨基酸总量均显著增加(P<0.05)。4)随着发酵饲料添加量的增加,牛蛙血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈现先上升再下降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量则先下降后上升,极值均出现在F3组,且上述指标F3组与F1组之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。5)发酵饲料对牛蛙肠道菌群的丰富度与多样性均有影响,其中,F3组变形菌门相对丰度显著低于其他组(P<0.05),而梭杆菌门相对丰度则显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。由此可得,在本试验条件下,50%基础饲料和50%发酵饲料为最适配比,能有效提高牛蛙的生长性能,改善其肌肉品质,增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,且对牛蛙肠道菌群结构及稳态平衡具有正向调控作用。This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of fermented diet on growth performance,muscle nutritional composition and intestinal flora of bullfrogs.A total of 960 bullfrogs with an initial body weight of(46.98±0.05)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 80 bullfrogs per replicate.Four diets were prepared to feed bullfrogs in the 4 groups,they were 100%basal diet(F1 group),75%basal diet+25%fermented diet(F2 group),50%basal diet+50%fermented diet(F3 group)and 100%fermented diet(F4 group).The bullfrogs were raised in cages over 8 weeks,fed twice a day(08:00,16:00),and fed 2%to 3%of their body weight every day.The weight of diet was calculated as dry matter,and the amount of diet was adjusted according to the body weight and feeding situation every week.The results showed as follows:1)compared with F1 group,the final average weight and weight gain rate of bullfrogs in fermented diet groups(F2,F3 and F4 groups)were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the feed conversion rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The survival rate of bullfrogs in high fermented di-et groups(F3 and F4 groups)was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with F1 group,the intesti-nal lipase(LPS)and amylase(AMS)activities of bullfrog in F3 and F4 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with F1 group,the contents of crude protein,essential amino acids,non-essential a-mino acids,flavor amino acids and total amino acids in muscle of bullfrog in F4 group were significantly in-creased(P<0.05).4)With the additive proportion of fermented diet increasing,the activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of bullfrogs showed a trend of first rising and then falling,while the content of malondial-dehyde(MDA)firstly decreased and then increased,and the F3 group had the extreme values,with signifi-cant difference compared with F1 group(P<0.05).5)Fermented diet had effects on the richness a

关 键 词：发酵饲料 牛蛙 生长性能 肌肉品质 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]