奥威尔作品中的灾难叙事与团结启示  

Disaster Narrative and Its Implication of Solidarity in Orwell’s Literary Works

作　　者：谢梅[1] Xie Mei

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学外国语学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《外语教育研究》2024年第3期48-54,共7页Foreign Language Education & Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“新实用主义视域下的理查德·罗蒂团结诗学研究”(项目编号:21BWW018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：奥威尔的灾难叙事,将人类和其他生灵置放在灾难事件中,在凸显灾难中的人类和动物个体脆弱性的同时,也揭示团结是抵御灾难的必要力量,激发其对共同体重构秩序的渴望。首先,奥威尔通过战争类灾难叙事,在揭示人类的身心创伤和信仰危机的同时,预示团结是治愈创伤和缓解信仰危机的辅助性疗药;其次,奥威尔通过奴役压榨类灾难书写,呈现暴力专制诱发群体内部矛盾和团结失序的同时,预示团结是化解争端和恢复民主的必要力量;再次,奥威尔通过极权统治类灾难书写,揭示畸形规训必将导致个体异化和世界荒诞的社会图景的同时,预示团结是保证个体自由和维系社会多元模态的有效途径。由此,奥威尔通过灾难叙事将战争的反人类性、专制欺压的残酷性、极端规训的非人道性置放在团结被撕裂的语境之下,揭示团结在避免战争、抵御奴役、应对冲突等方面的作用,进而阐明团结是共同体构建的必要前提。Orwell’s disaster narrative places human beings and other creatures in disaster events.While highlighting the individual vulnerability of human beings and animals in disaster,Orwell also reveals the necessity of solidarity to resist disaster and inspires the desire for the reconstruction of community order.First of all,through the war disaster narrative,Orwell revealed the physical and mental trauma and faith crisis of human beings,and predicted that solidarity is the auxiliary therapy to heal the trauma and ease the faith crisis.Secondly,through the disaster of animal slavery and exploitation,Orwell showed the internal contradictions and disordered solidarity induced by violent despotism,indicating that solidarity is the necessary force to resolve disputes and restore democracy.Thirdly,through the disaster of totalitarian rule,Orwell revealed that abnormal discipline would lead to individual alienation and the absurd social picture of the world, and predicted that solidarity is an effective way to guarantee individual freedom and maintain the multiple modes of society. Thus, through disaster narration, Orwell placed the anti-humanity of war, the cruelty of tyranny and the inhumanity of extreme discipline in the context of torn solidarity, revealed the role of solidarity in avoiding war, preventing slavery and coping with conflicts, and further stated that solidarity is a necessary prerequisite for community construction.

关 键 词：奥威尔 灾难叙事 团结 规训 共同体 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]