基于结构方程模型的普通话水平测试构想效度研究  

A Study on the Construct Validity of Putonghua Proficiency Test Based on Structural Equation Model

作　　者：原鑫[1] Yuan Xin(Beijing Chinese Language and Culture College,Beijing,102206)

机构地区：[1]北京华文学院,北京102206

出　　处：《考试研究》2024年第6期31-41,共11页Examinations Research

基　　金：北京华文学院2023年度科研课题“普通话水平测试的效度研究”(HW-23-B08)。

摘　　要：构想效度是效度论证的核心问题,也是检验测试质量的关键指标。以普通话水平测试实测数据为研究材料,考察普通话水平测试的构想效度。使用结构方程验证性因子分析检验测试的构想效度,使用跨组别验证性因子分析测试构想在男女考生组别的跨组别一致性。验证性因子分析结果显示:“有文字凭借模式下的普通话表达+无文字凭借模式下的普通话表达”两因子模型与实测数据拟合最佳;参数估计结果显示测试聚敛效度良好,判别效度较低。跨组别分析结果显示:两因子模型各项参数在男女考生群体中表现一致,测试结构表现出较好的稳定性。从实证角度论证了普通话水平测试的构想效度,并对命题说话题目提出设置情境、更新题库、提高被试表达真实性等改进建议。Construct validity is the core issue of test validation and a key criterion for test quality.This study examines the construct validity of the Putonghua Proficiency Test by using the testing data.Through confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis,the construct validity of the test and the consistency of the test construct among male and female candidates are examined.The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that the two factor model of"Mandarin speaking under the mode with text support+Mandarin speak under the mode without text support"fits the measured data better.The parameter estimation results show that the convergent validity of the test is good,while the discriminant validity is low.The results of multi-group analysis shows that the parameters of the two factor model performs consistently among male and female candidates,and the test structure shows good stability.The study empirically demonstrates the construct validity of the Putonghua proficiency test.Based on the research findings,some suggestion,such as setting situation,renewing item bank,enhancing the authenticity of the subjects’expressions,are proposed for test improvement.

关 键 词：普通话水平测试 构想效度 结构方程模型 因子结构 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]