“首违不罚”在考试作弊执法中的探讨  

The Discussion of“Impunity for the First Violation”in Law Enforcement on Exam Cheating

作　　者：李祥 Li Xiang(People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing,100038)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038 [2]山东省公安厅

出　　处：《考试研究》2024年第6期79-87,共9页Examinations Research

摘　　要：考试作弊侵害的法益是考试的公平公正,考试作弊的行为对象是考试的试题、答案或成绩,手段具有“隐瞒欺骗性”,性质上属于“危险犯”而不是“实害犯”。“首违不罚”适用于考试作弊,与包容审慎、教育和惩罚相结合、过惩相当、实质正义等多重法治理念存在正向契合,具有积极的执法效果;但是也会产生机会冒险主义加剧、考试失信治理效能滑坡、执法不公正和考试权威性流失等多重潜在风险。在具体适用过程中,应当明确适用范围,构建裁量体系,明确处罚的替代性措施和教育监管措施等配套制度措施,完善实施程序。The legal interest which examination cheating encroached is the justice and equity of examination.The behavior object of examination cheating is the questions,answers or results of examination,and the means are featured by“cheating and deceiving”.Exam cheating is“dangerous crime”rather than“real harm crime”.The application of“impunity for the first violation”in the exam cheating law enforcement matched the rule-of-law concept on tolerance,the combination of education and punishment,substantial justice,generating positive effect on law enforcement.On the other hands,it can also cause the risks of opportunistic adventurism rising,examination dishonesty management efficiency declining,law enforcement injustice and examination authority running off.In the practical process of application,we should define the scope of time and space,build the discretion system of punishment or impunity,and define the alternative measures of punishment,education and supervision measures so as to improve the implementation procedures.

关 键 词：首违不罚 考试作弊 考试失信 取消成绩 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]