监控施肥配施有机肥和生物炭对小麦产量及籽粒淀粉理化特性的影响  

Effect of Monitoring Fertilization Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Wheat Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Grain Starch

作　　者：郝红玉 张统帅 杨那 郑玉娉 王朝辉 翟丙年 李紫燕 HAO Hongyu;ZHANG Tongshuai;YANG Na;ZHENG Yuping;WANG Zhaohui;ZHAI Bingnian;LI Ziyan(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第11期1439-1447,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177342)。

摘　　要：为了明确不同施肥措施对冬小麦籽粒淀粉结构、理化特性和小麦籽粒产量的影响,以小麦品种洛旱6号为材料,通过裂区试验(以农户施肥和监控施肥2种施肥方式为主区,以不配施有机物料、配施有机肥和配施生物炭为副区),分析不同处理下冬小麦籽粒淀粉结构、理化特征及产量的差异。结果表明,与农户施肥方式相比,监控施肥显著增加了小麦籽粒总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和直支比,提高了A型淀粉粒的体积和数目百分比,显著提升了平均低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和回升值。在同一施肥方式下,与不配施有机物料相比,配施有机肥对总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、淀粉直支比、A型淀粉粒体积百分比和淀粉黏度参数也均表现出正向效应,同时降低了B型淀粉粒的体积和数目百分比,而配施生物炭对淀粉含量及直支比、A型淀粉粒体积及表面积分布影响均不显著。施用生物炭对淀粉糊化特性影响在不同施肥方式下存在差异,农户施肥+生物炭处理显著降低了峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度,而监控施肥+生物炭处理显著增加了峰值黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和回升值。监控施肥对产量影响不显著,但监控施肥+配施有机肥处理显著提高产量。在所有处理中,监控施肥+配施有机肥处理的小麦籽粒淀粉含量、直支比、淀粉粒分布、淀粉黏度参数综合表现最好,说明在监控施肥条件下减少施用化肥同时配施有机肥可改善小麦淀粉品质和增加产量,促进渭北旱地冬小麦高产优质生产。In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization measures on winter wheat kernel starch structure,physicochemical characteristics and wheat kernel yield,we analyzed the differences in winter wheat kernel starch structure,physicochemical characteristics and yield under different treatments through split-plot experiments(with two types of fertilization methods,namely,farmer fertilization and monitored fertilization as the main plot,and without organic materials,with organic fertilizers and with biochar as the sub plot),using the wheat cultivar LuoHan6 as the material.The results showed that monitored fertilization significantly increased wheat grain total starch content,amylose content,and amylose/amylopectin,increased volume and number percentage of A-type starch grains,and significantly increased average trough viscosity,final viscosity,breakdown,and revaluation,compared to the farmer s method of fertilization.Under the same fertilization method,the dosed organic fertilizers also showed positive effects on total starch content,amylose content,amylose/amylopectin,volume percentage of A-type starch granules,and starch viscosity parameters,as well as reduced volume and number percentage of B-type starch granules,compared to the non-dosed organic materials,whereas the dosed biochar did not have a significant effect on starch content and amylose/amylopectin,or on volume and surface area distributions of A-type starch granules.The effect of biochar application on starch pasting characteristics varied across fertilization methods,with the farmer fertilizer+biochar treatment significantly decreasing peak viscosity,trough viscosity,and final viscosity,while the monitored fertilizer+biochar treatment significantly increasing peak viscosity,final viscosity,breakdown,and revaluation.The effect of monitored fertilization on yield was not significant,but monitored fertilization+organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased yield.Among all the treatments,the wheat grain starch content,amylose to amylopectin rat

关 键 词：小麦 监控施肥 淀粉组分 粒度分布 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311