基于主成分-聚类分析芝麻盛花期耐高温评价及品种筛选  

Evaluation of High Temperature Tolerance and Selection of Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)Cultivars at Full Flowering Stage Based on Principal Components-Cluster Analysis

作　　者：戎亚思 李丰[1] 张鹏钰 王东勇[1] 苏小雨 田媛[1] 高桐梅[1] RONG YaSi;LI Feng;ZHANG PengYu;WANG DongYong;SU XiaoYu;TIAN Yuan;GAO TongMei(Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心/河南省特色油料作物基因组学重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第20期3957-3973,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-14);国家青年基金(32301952);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(242102110173);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2022YQ01);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC082,2024ZC039);河南省重点研发专项项目(221111520400-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确芝麻盛花期高温胁迫对植株农艺性状、产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质的影响,精确评价不同芝麻品种在盛花期的耐高温水平,筛选耐高温芝麻品种。【方法】以24份芝麻品种作为试验材料,设置常温对照(CK)和盛花期高温胁迫(H)2个处理,盛花期高温处理7 d,于成熟期取样进行考种,测定株高、始蒴部位、单株蒴果数、每蒴粒数、千粒重、单株产量等农艺性状指标,并测定其含水量、含油量和蛋白质含量等品质指标。运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法,综合分析评价不同芝麻品种盛花期的耐热性。【结果】不同的品种、温度处理及互作对芝麻的各项指标均具有显著影响。盛花期高温胁迫后,芝麻的单株产量、千粒重、单株蒴果数、每蒴粒数、始蒴部位、果轴长度和株高分别较对照(CK)下降了33.47%、13.62%、7.76%、5.75%、2.61%、1.64%和1.40%,其中,千粒重和单株产量下降幅度最大,差异均达显著水平;黄稍尖和蛋白质含量分别较对照(CK)下降了13.43%和1.55%,差异不显著。含水量和含油量分别较对照(CK)增加了0.90%和0.17%,差异不显著;不同品种和各项指标的耐高温系数之间存在着一定的相关性,将农艺性状及籽粒品质等11个指标的耐高温系数进行主成分分析,建立5个相互独立的综合指标,贡献率分别为30.74%、25.82%、13.18%、10.12%和8.33%,反映了88.19%的原始信息。通过成分矩阵和特征值计算各指标的权重,构建出高温胁迫生理综合指标模型(HTSPCI)。根据各单项指标的耐高温系数进行聚类热图分析,将24个品种划分为4个等级,分别为耐高温型、中度耐高温型、中度热敏感型和热敏感型;6个耐高温型品种单株产量损失率X6≤9.50%;6个中度耐高温型品种的单株产量损失率为9.50%70%。【结论】盛花期高温胁迫显著影响芝麻的生长发育。采用主成分-聚类分析将植株的农艺性状指标与品�【Objective】To understand the effects of high temperature stress on the agronomic traits,yield,its components and grain quality of sesame,to accurately evaluate the high temperature tolerance level of different sesame varieties at full flowering stage,and to screen the high temperature tolerant sesame varieties.【Method】24 sesame varieties were treated with normal temperature(CK)and high temperature stress(H)at full flowering stage for 7 days.The agronomic traits such as plant height,initial capsule site,number of capsules per plant,number of capsules per capsule,1000-grain weight,yield per plant and quality indexes such as water content,oil content and protein content were measured at maturity stage.The heat tolerance of different sesame varieties at full flowering stage was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by means of principal component and cluster analysis.【Result】Different varieties,temperature treatments and interactions had significant effects on the indexes of sesame.After high temperature stress,compared with CK,the yield per plant,1000-grain weight,number of capsules per plant,number of capsules per capsule,initial capsule site,capsule length and plant height of sesame decreased by 33.47%,13.62%,7.76%,5.75%,2.61%,1.64%and 1.40%,respectively.Among which 1000-grain weight and yield per plant decreased the most,and the differences reached significant level.The difference of end length and protein content was no significant,which was 13.43%and 1.55%lower than that of the CK.The water content and oil content increased by 0.90%and 0.17%respectively compared with CK,and the difference was not significant.There is a certain correlation between the high temperature tolerance coefficients of different varieties and various indexes.The high temperature resistance coefficient was analyzed by principal component analysis,and five independent comprehensive indexes were established,and the contribution rates were 30.74%,25.82%,13.18%,10.12%and 8.33%,respectively,reflecting 88.19%of the original informa

关 键 词：芝麻 盛花期 高温处理 主成分分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]