红隼翼形态和附肢肌肉的反向性二态  

Reversed Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Shape and Limb Muscles of the Common Kestrel

作　　者：刘明杰 李欣 张子慧[1] LIU Ming-Jie;LI Xin;ZHANG Zi-Hui(College of Life Sciences,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第5期687-693,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31970411)。

摘　　要：反向性别二态性是进化生物学探讨的一个深刻问题,有助于理解物种的适应性和进化过程。猛禽是鸟类中为数不多的反向性别二态性的典型代表,但有关的定量研究并不多见,对体重的比较分析发现其反向性二态的程度与猎物类型有密切关系。表征猛禽飞行与抓捕能力的翼形态和附肢肌肉的性二态研究相对更少。本研究以9只雌性和3只雄性红隼(Falcotinnunculus)为研究对象,测量了6个翼形态参数,解剖分离了胸大肌和胸小肌,以及14块与抓握相关的后肢肌肉,并对各肌肉质量进行称量。对这些参数进行分析,以探讨翼和肌肉的反向性二态。结果发现,雌鸟的翼展、翼面积和翼负载均大于雄鸟,但雄鸟的翼端比雌鸟更尖。虽然这些差异无统计学意义,但在一定程度上也反映了雄鸟的飞行能耗低,利于其高效觅食,可为在巢雌鸟和雏鸟提供充足的食物。肌肉质量与功率输出成正比、决定了总的做功能力。雌性胸大肌质量显著高于雄鸟,14块后肢肌肉中仅有第二趾深及浅屈肌和第二趾收肌呈现了显著的反向性二态。腿肌的结果一方面反映了雌鸟与雄鸟抓握能力近似,另一方面也说明雌鸟第二趾在捕猎过程中具有力量优势,使其能捕猎体型稍大的猎物,比雄鸟有相对更大的猎物体型范围。综合前人的研究以及红隼的结果,推测翼形态和附肢肌肉的反向性二态及其程度与体型的反向性二态程度类似,均与食性存在密切关系。[Objectives]Reversed sexual dimorphism(RSD)is a deep issue in evolutionary biology,which helps us to understand the adaptation and evolutionary process of species.Predatory bird species are well known for their RSD in size,and the degree of RSD is closely related to the type of main prey.Unfortunately,little is known about the sexual dimorphism in wing shape and limb muscles that characterize the flight and grasping ability of predatory birds.[Methods]In this study,12 adult individuals of Common Kestrel(9 females and 3 males)were compared by the measurements of 6 wing morphological parameters,as well as the muscle masses of the pectoral muscles and 14 muscles related to toe’s grasping,to detect the intersexual differences.Independent sample t-tests were used to evaluate whether there were significant differences between sexes in 6 wing parameters and 16 muscle masses.Given that the difference in body size was significant,differences in above-mentioned parameters between sexes for a given body size were tested using an analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)with body mass as covariate.[Results]The results showed that the wingspan,wing area,and wing loading of female birds were greater than those of males,but the wing tip of males was sharper than that of females(Table 1).Statistically,these differences were non-significant,but indicated the higher flight efficiency of male birds which was beneficial for providing sufficient food for the female and nestlings.Muscle mass is directly proportional to power output and determines the overall functional capacity of a muscle.The mass of the pectoralis muscle in females was higher than that in male birds,and showed significant RSD.But for the 14 pelvic muscles,only flexor perforans et perforatus digiti Ⅱ and adductor digit Ⅱ presented significant RSD(Table 2).Results in the leg muscles mainly suggested similar grasping capability between genders,and on the other hand,also indicated that the second toe of female birds has a strength advantage when hunting.[Conclusion]Based on

关 键 词：红隼 翼形态 胸肌 腿肌 性别差异 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]