略论颜之推的人格操守及其评价——从王利器《颜氏家训集解·叙录》说起  

A Brief Discussion on the Moral Integrity of Yan Zhitui and Its Evaluation—Starting from Wang Liqi’s Collected Exegesis on the Yan Family Admonitions•Preface

作　　者：颜炳罡 YAN Binggang

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化学院 [2]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第5期18-27,157,共11页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：王利器《颜氏家训集解》是近百年来研究《颜氏家训》的权威性著作,其流传之广,影响之大,罕有匹敌。《颜氏家训集解》对《颜氏家训》之文献收集、注释、考证等做出了不朽贡献,但《颜氏家训集解》中《叙录》一文对颜之推人格操守的评价则有失公允。《叙录》指责颜之推“自取身荣,不存国计”,甚至直接说颜之推作为“三为亡国之人”而大谈“不屈二姓”就是人格分裂,而宣扬“立身扬名”就是将“家庭利益”置于“国家、民族利益之上”。我们认为这是对颜之推思想的误读和对颜之推人格操守的误判。造成这种误读的原因与其说是个人的原因,不如说是时代的原因。王利器那一代学者在经历一场又一场的政治风暴之后,从中领悟出保身之道:“宁左勿右”。在这种思想支配下,王利器对颜之推缺乏了解之同情,更谈不上对先贤的礼敬。21世纪的今天,有的学者仍然坚持王利器对颜之推的批评,故对这一误读、误判有重新厘定之必要。Wang Liqi’s Collected Exegesis of the Yan Family Admonitions has been the authoritative work on the study of The Yan Family Admonitions for nearly a century,with its widespread dissemination and significant influence being virtually unparalleled.The Collected Exegesis of the Yan Family Admonitions has made an indelible contribution to the collection,annotation,and textual research of The Yan Family Admonitions.However,the evaluation of Yan Zhitui’s Moral Character in the Preface of the Collected Exegesis of the Yan Family Admonitions is somewhat unfair.The Preface criticizes Yan Zhitui for“seeking personal glory while neglecting national concerns”,highlighting that despite experiencing the collapse of a dynasty and subsequently serving a new regime,his discussions on“unyielding loyalty to dual family allegiances”represent a personality split.Additionally,his promotion of“establishing a reputation”is interpreted as prioritizing“familial interests”over“national and ethnic interests”.We believe this to be a misinterpretation of Yan Zhitui’s thoughts and a misjudgment of his Moral Character and Integrity.The cause of this misinterpretation is better attributed to the historical context rather than individual motives.After experiencing a series of political upheavals,Wang Liqi and his contemporaries adopted a survival strategy of“preferring left over right”.Guided by this ideology,Wang Liqi lacked an empathetic understanding of Yan Zhitui,let alone showed him respect.In the 21st century,some scholars still uphold Wang Liqi’s criticisms of Yan Zhitui,thus necessitating a re-evaluation.

关 键 词：颜之推 家训 王利器 人格操守 不屈二姓 家国利益 

分 类 号：B235.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]