认真对待案件事实——一种结构形态的事实观  

Taking Facts Seriously:A Theory of Structural Conception of Fact in Law

作　　者：张志铭 Zhang Zhiming

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学

出　　处：《交大法学》2024年第6期75-85,共11页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：以事实为根据与司法裁判的正当性密切相关。事实分为“事实存在”与“事实呈现”。与事实存在不同,事实呈现是三值的,除了“是”或“不是”、“真”或“假”,还有一个“又是又不是”“又真又假”,或者“不知真假”的维度。对于如何构建判决中的事实认定正当性,不妨接受一种结构形态的事实概念,其由四个要素构成:第一是事实载体,也就是事物和物象;第二是事实陈述,也即关于事物和物象的断言;第三是真实属性,也即事实陈述的真值性;第四是真实标准,也即这个陈述为真所依据的关于真的标准。对事实问题的回答,必然诉诸这四个要素构成的结构形态的事实概念。结构形态的事实概念内含有限性、人际性、语言性、历史性四个特征。任何客观事实和客观真实都是在人类生活实践中发生的,法律事实和法律真实其实与客观事实、客观真实没有区别,都是实践形态、生活形态的事实。Taking facts as a basis is closely related to the legitimacy of judicial judgment.Facts can be divided into"fact-existence"and"fact-presentation",different from fact-existence,fact-presentation is three valued,in addition to yes or no,true or false,there is also a standing of yes-and-no,true and-false.For the legitimacy of facts-finding in verdict,we'd better accept E structural conception of fact,which consists of four elements:the first is the carrier of facts,that is,things and appearances;the second is the statements of facts,that is,the statements about things and objects;the third is the truth attributions,that is,the truth-value of the statements;the fourth is the criterion of truth.The answer to the question of facts must appeal to the st ructural conception of fact composed of four elements above.The structural conception of fact contains four characteristics:finite,interpersonal,linguistic and historical.Any objective facts and objective reality occur in the practice of human life.Legal facts and legal reality,in fact,are no different from objective facts and objective reality,which are facts of practice and life patterns.

关 键 词：案件事实 结构形态事实概念 法律真实 事实陈述 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926[政治法律—法学]