“无我”与“有我”之间--路遥《平凡的世界》与传统的现代性转换  

Between Anatta and Ego Existence--Lu Yao'Ordinary World and Transformation of Traditional Modernity

作　　者：耿传明[1] 王亚琦 Geng Chuanming;Wang Yaqi

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2024年第3期26-35,共10页Literature and Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“近现代以来文学中儒家士人形象嬗变与中国文学的现代性转型”(BEY108902)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：现代性的核心内容是“人”之主体性的发现,但中国传统文化是以家庭本位为核心而构建的“他人至上”的制度体系,二者在现代社会发展中多形成一种“矛盾冲突”的复杂局面。路遥的创作既继承了“五四”个性解放的启蒙传统,同时又关注传统家庭共同体本位文化的固有价值,故“启蒙的再出发”便成为其创作的重中之重,突出表现便是对主体性的有无、强弱尺度的考量:首先,中国文化是一种“孝文化”,但随着几千年社会政治秩序的统治需要,“孝文化”不断被极端化,以至于变得刻板僵硬,形成一种双亲威权,对人的个性欲求产生了严重压抑;其次,群体本位文化注重群体间的人际关系,自有其正面的价值,但一旦极端化,就会导致个人存在的价值和意义的消亡;再次,宗法制是中国伦理社会整体秩序维持的根基,主要表现为血缘纽带、父系权威和等级关系,它既为个人的生存提供了庇护和归宿,同时又以父之名要求子女的献祭,从而造成个体人生的悲剧。The core of modernity is the discovery of the subjectivity of"man",and Chinese traditional culture is a conventional system of"others first"built on the core of the family unit.These two constitute a complicated contradiction and conflict in the development of modern society.Lu Yao's writing inherited the enlightenment tradition for individual liberation of the May fourth Movement,and touched the intrinsic value of the culture in the community of traditional family.Therefore,his writing focused on the"enlightenment restart",highlighting the presence or absence,and strength or weakness of the subjectivity.Chinese culture is featured as the"culture of filial piety",which has been continuously pushed to the extreme for the social and political reasons in the past thousands of years.As a result,it has become so rigid as to form the overwhelming parental authority,repressing the individuality of the offspring.Collective culture focuses on interpersonal relationships in the group,which is positively valued.But once going to the extreme,it turns to diminish the value and significance of individual independence.The patriarchal clan system is the foundation of Chinese ethical society,manifesting the blood ties,patriarchal authority and hierarchical relationship.The system provides the shelter and destination for individual survival and demands the sacrifice of offspring in the name of paternity,hence the tragedy for individuals.

关 键 词：路遥 《平凡的世界》 有我 无我 传统 现代性转换 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学]