视网膜的神经可塑性  

Neural plasticity of retina

作　　者：李少敏 Li Shao-min(Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,Boston MA 02115,USA)

机构地区：[1]Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA 02115,USA

出　　处：《中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志》2024年第3期42-46,共5页Chinese Journal of Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology

摘　　要：神经可塑性是一公认概念,是指中枢神经系统神经元在适应多变的环境条件或对有害因素做出反应时,由于学习而重新排列的能力。作为中枢神经系统的一部分,视网膜是负责视觉处理第一阶段的感觉组织,视网膜已被反复探测其对各种变化环境或病理损伤作出可塑性反应的能力。然而,多数研究认为,除了发育阶段之外,视网膜的神经可塑性非常有限。本文先回顾传统海马体和大脑皮质可塑性范例的概念,然后讨论近年哺乳动物视网膜神经元在不同情况下可塑性变化的进展,以及在发育条件改变或导致神经元退化的遗传疾病发生后视网膜可塑性的变化。Neuronal plasticity,a well-established concept,refers to the capacity of central nervous system(CNS)neurons to reorganize in response to learning,adaptation to environmental changes,or exposure to detrimental factors.The retina,as an integral component of the CNS and the sensory tissue responsible for the initial phase of visual processing,has been examined for its potential to exhibit plastic responses under varying environmental conditions or in the face of pathological damage.However,the prevailing evidence suggests that retinal neural plasticity is significantly constrained,particularly beyond developmental stages.This review begins by revisiting the foundational paradigms of plasticity within the hippocampus and cortex,followed by an exploration of recent advancements in understanding the plasticity of mammalian retinal neurons under diverse conditions.Additionally,it examines alterations in retinal plasticity associated with genetic disorders that influence developmental processes or induce neuronal degeneration.

关 键 词：神经可塑性 视网膜 电突触可塑性 视觉假体 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]