泉州地区马铃薯田杂草种类及药剂优选试验  

Experiment on Weed Species and Pesticide Selection in Potato Fields in the Quanzhou Area

作　　者：林金秀 李扬 魏毅 凌永胜 陈朝文 郑雅超 LIN Jinxiu;LI Yang;WEI Yi;LING Yongsheng;CHEN Chaowen;ZHENG Yachao(Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Science,Quanzhou,Fujian 362212,China)

机构地区：[1]泉州市农业科学研究所,福建泉州362212

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第8期8-13,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：福建省星火项目(No.2022S0037);十四五福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(No.zycxny2021005);福建省科技计划项目(No.2023N0051)。

摘　　要：为了明确泉州地区马铃薯田杂草发生种类和防除适宜药剂,系统调查本地区马铃薯田杂草种类,并采用随机区组设计,研究4种苗前除草剂和2种苗后除草剂对马铃薯泉薯5号的防除效果。结果表明:泉州地区马铃薯田杂草种类有30种以上,其中,有害阔叶杂草有藿香蓟、刺苋、习见蓼、蓼、地锦、鸭跖草、小蓬草、鬼针草、猪殃殃、藜、地肤、繁缕;常见阔叶杂草有凹头苋、莲子草、丁香蓼、荠菜、风轮菜、龙葵;常见禾本科杂草有狗牙根和马唐;常见莎草科杂草有香附和碎米莎草。苗前除草剂60%丁草胺和48%止芽素的45 d相对鲜重防效分别为75.85%和73.67%;苗后除草剂25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂的45 d相对鲜重防效为89.3%。在阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草综合防除效果方面,以25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂最好,60%丁草胺和48%止芽素表现较好,均可作为泉州地区马铃薯田的除草剂推广使用。To clarify the types of weeds in potato fields in the Quanzhou area and the appropriate herbicides for control,a systematic investigation was conducted on the types of weeds in potato fields in this area.A randomized block design was used to study the weed control effects of four pre-seedling herbicides and two post-seedling herbicides on potato Quanshu 5.The results revealed that there are more than 30 types of weeds in potato fields in the Quanzhou area,among which harmful broad-leaved weeds include Agastachys rugosa,Amaranthus spinosum,Polygonum vulgare,Polygonum multiflorum,Ar-temisia glutinosa,Commelina communis,Pinus bipinnata,Sargassum hybridum,Chenopodium,Rhizoma scopariae,and Poly-gonum multiflorum;common broad-leaved weeds include amaranth,lotus seed grass,lilac Polygonum,Shepherd's purse,anem-one,and sunflower;common grasses in the Gramineae family include dogtooth root and horsetail;and common weeds in the Cyperaceae family include Cyperus fragrans and Cyperus iria.The 45-day relative fresh weight control effects of 60%butachlor and 48%germicidal herbicides before seedling were 75.85%and 73.67%,respectively.The 45-day relative fresh weight control effect on the post-seedling herbicide 25%sulfur on methyl water dispersible granules was 89.3%.In terms of the comprehensive control effect of broad-leaved weeds and grassy weeds,the 25%sulfosulfuron methyl water dispersible granule agent is the best;60%butachlor and 48%germicin perform well and can be used as herbicides for potato fields in the Quanzhou area.

关 键 词：马铃薯 杂草 除草剂 防治技术 

分 类 号：S451.223[农业科学—植物保护]