喷播绿化技术的起源与发展  

Origin,development and prospect of spray seeding technology for land greening

作　　者：赵平[1] 赵廷宁[1,2] 闫承琳[3] 郭小平[2] 刘东 刘子昕 ZHAO Ping;ZHAO Tingning;YAN Chenglin;GUO Xiaoping;LIU Dong;LIU Zixin(Slope Revegetation Institute,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,100091,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学边坡绿化研究所,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第5期9-21,共13页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：林业行业标准修订项目《林用水力喷射播种机》(2023-LY-057)。

摘　　要：喷播绿化起始于美国高速公路建设期边坡水土保持需求,是以流体力学、土壤学、植物学等学科理论与技术为基础,能迅速大面积覆盖裸露边坡,防治水土流失,构建具有景观价值的一种机械化植被建植技术,在裸露边坡植被恢复工程中占据着越来越重要的地位。笔者结合研发和工程实践,在全面研读喷播绿化技术相关资料的基础上,从工艺流程、设备性能、资材配制等方面阐述美国、日本、中国3个国家喷播绿化技术的起源与发展。通过深入剖析比较,发现我国存在喷播技术体系尚未成熟,技术标准规范滞后,机械装备定型量产不足,资材标准化、产业化程度低等问题。要扭转粗放管理,实现绿水青山再生价值,完善喷播技术体系,加强喷播技术行业规范,补齐机械装备短板,注重环境保护与生态修复相结合。这是喷播技术发展的必由之路。[Background]Spray seeding for land greening in created from the United States highway construction period slope soil and water conservation needs,is based on the theory and technology of fluid mechanics,pedology,botany and other natural sciences.It can quickly cover a large area of bare slope,soil erosion control,construction of a mechanized vegetation construction technology with landscape value,occupies an increasingly important position in the bare slope vegetation restoration project.[Methods]The authors,as the first researchers to introduce,improve and develop spray seeding technique in China,combined with R&D and engineering practice,based on a comprehensive study of the relevant information of spray seeding technology,expounds the origin and development of spray seeding technology in the United States,Japan and China from the aspects of process flow,equipment performance and material preparation.[Results]1)Spray seeding technology originated from the promulgation of soil erosion control regulations and the development of road greening in the United States,and then gradually evolved into the fields of courtyard greening,golf course construction and environmental protection.Since the invention of hydraulic spraying technology model registration in 1953,the United States has successively derived hydraulic spraying fiber coating and convenient ornamental grass spraying technology.With the spread of the concept of low-impact development in the 19th century,the application range of spray seeding technology expanded from surface soil improvement to vegetation habitat optimization to vertical layered structure of soil reconstruction.2)Japan is a mountainous island country,prone to natural disasters,serious soil erosion,thus in 1960 it introduced from the United States jet highway embankment slope ecological protection.Subsequently,based on the technology of Europe and the United States,Japan has developed a variety of methods such as organic earth slurry spraying,thick layer substrate spraying technology,high-orde

关 键 词：喷播 客土喷播 湿法喷播 植被护坡 生态修复 

分 类 号：S776.2[农业科学—森林工程]