梯度风场滑翔仿生飞行器设计与仿真  

Design and Simulation of Gradient Wind Gliding Bionic Vehicle

作　　者：刘建河[1] 王孟硕 刘坤 李人澍[2,3] 黄伟 李加东[1,2,3] Liu Jianhe;Wang Mengshuo;Liu Kun;Li Renshu;Huang Wei;Li Jiadong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionic,Chinese Academy of Science,Suzhou 215123,China;Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems,Chinese Academy of Science,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学机电工程学院,长春130022 [2]中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所,江苏苏州215123 [3]中国科学院多功能材料与轻巧系统重点实验室,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《航空兵器》2024年第5期103-109,共7页Aero Weaponry

摘　　要：将信天翁从梯度风场中获取能量滑翔数千英里的飞行策略应用在飞行器上是突破飞行器续航瓶颈的重要方法之一。本文结合信天翁身体特性和飞行策略,设计了一种具有信天翁仿生外形、气动布局和控制方式的仿信天翁飞行器,巡航时升阻比为梯形翼飞行器的1.13倍,最大可达梯形翼飞行器升阻比的1.31倍,通过翼尖变形阻力最高可减小12%,翼根载荷减小35%。根据信天翁在滑翔时不时扑动翅膀的行为提出了间歇动力梯度风滑翔方法,对仿信天翁飞行器进行了风梯度滑翔操控性能仿真。结果表明实际飞行路径与风梯度滑翔路径的误差小于5%,能量消耗为匀速飞行的51.5%,验证了间歇动力梯度风滑翔策略的合理性。One of the important ways to break the endurance bottleneck of aircraft is to apply the flight strategy of albatrosses obtaining energy from gradient wind fields to glide thousands of miles on aircraft.Based on the body characteristics and flight strategy of albatross,a bionic albatross aircraft with bionic shape,aerodynamic layout and control mode is designed.The lift-drag ratio during cruise is 1.13 times that of conventional aircraft,and the maximum lift-drag ratio is 1.31 times that of conventional aircraft.The maximum drag is reduced by 12%and the wing root load is reduced by 35%through wing tip deformation.According to the behavior of albatross flapping its wings from time to time during gliding,the intermittent dynamic gradient wind gliding method is proposed,and the control performance simulation of bionic albatross aircraft is carried out.The results show that the error between the actual flight path and the gradient wind gliding path is less than 5%,and the energy consumption is 51.5%of uniform flight,which verifies the rationality of the intermittent dynamic gradient wind gliding strategy.

关 键 词：梯度风场 飞行策略 仿生无人机 变形机翼 操控性能 

分 类 号：TJ760[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] V221[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]