北京市售生食果蔬中耐药基因赋存特征及迁移风险  

Characterization and transfer risk of antibiotic resistance genes from commercially raw vegetables and fruits in Beijing

作　　者：李娟[1] 陈忠辉[1] 段佳丽[1] LI Juan;CHEN Zhong-Hui;DUAN Jia-Li(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所,北京100013

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2024年第18期219-230,共12页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21976020、21607007);北京市委组织部优秀人才资助项目(2016000021469G182);京市疾病预防控制中心科研培育专项(2020-BJYJ-01)。

摘　　要：目的调研抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的赋存特征,探讨其在食品安全领域的潜在风险。方法采用高通量定量聚合酶链式反应(high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction,HT-qPCR)技术,对北京市售生食果蔬中ARGs及可移动遗传元件(mobile genetic elements,MGEs)的多样性和存在丰度进行描述,并通过高风险筛查、相关性分析、冗余分析、方差分解分析,探讨ARGs的迁移风险。结果共检出9大类188个ARGs和9个MGEs,丰度范围分别为6.18×10^(3)~1.24×10^(8) copies/g、5.86×10^(3)~3.34×10^(8) copies/g;四环素类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯-林可霉素-链阳霉素类(macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B,MLSB)ARGs分布最广;多重耐药类ARGs丰度最高;涉及的主要耐药机制贡献大小为抗生素灭活>外排泵>细胞保护。其中,苦菊的ARGs检出率最高,青椒的ARGs丰度最高;茄果类、叶菜类ARGs丰度普遍高于根茎类蔬菜;水果类样品中ARGs的检出率和丰度最低。高风险ARGs普遍存在,丰度最高可达7.85×10^(7) copies/g,且氨基糖苷类、磺胺类、四环素类、多重耐药类ARGs具有高迁移风险,整合酶和转座酶两类转移机制共同构成主要驱动因素(46.44%)。结论生食果蔬中ARGs赋存情况严重,具有较高的迁移风险,很可能导致耐药现象的大量产生及扩散,危害人类健康,应引起高度重视。Objective To investigate the characterzation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),and explore their potential food safety risks.Methods In this study,the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resisitance genes and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)from commercially raw vegetables and fruits in Beijing,were characterized using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction(HT-qPCR),and the transfer risk was explored by sorting out high-risk ARGs,constructing correlation matrixes,redundancy analysis,and variance partitioning analysis.Results A total of 188 ARG subtypes belonging to 9 antibiotic types and 9 MGE subtypes were detected with the abundance of 6.18×10^(3)-1.24×10^(8) copies/g and 5.86×10^(3)-3.34×10^(8) copies/g,respectively.It was seen that tetracycline,aminoglycoside,β-lactamase and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B(MLSB)resistance genes had the most wide occurrence range,whereas multidrug resistance genes had the highest abundance.The abundance of multi-drug resistant ARGs was the highest.The contributions of the main resistance mechanisms involved were antibiotic inactivation>efflux pump>cell protection.Among them,the ARGs detection rate of bitter chrysanthemum was the highest and the ARGs abundance of green pepper was the highest.ARGs abundance in solanum and leafy vegetables was higher than that in root vegetables.The detection rate and abundance of ARGs in fruit samples were the lowest.High-risk ARGs were prevalent in samples,with the highest abundance arriving at 7.85×10^(7) copies/g.The transfer risk of aminoglycoside,sulfonamide,tetracycline and multidrug resistance genes was generally high,and the combination of integrase and transposase was the key driving force(46.44%).Conclusion The situation of ARGs in raw fruits and vegetables is very serious,with a high risk of migration,which is likely to lead to the large-scale production and spread of antibiotic resistance and pose a threat to human health.Therefore,it shall be given top priority.

关 键 词：生食果蔬 耐药基因 迁移风险 可移动遗传元件 高通量定量聚合酶链式反应 

分 类 号：TS255.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]