“双减”背景下中小学作业如何减量提质——基于认知诊断模型的案例研究  

How to Reduce Quantity and Improve Quality of Primary and Secondary School Homework under the Background of"Double Reduction":A Case Study Based on Cognitive Diagnostic Model

作　　者：钱佳[1] 石玉[1] QIAN Jia;SHI Yu(Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第11期79-89,共11页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2023年度教育学一般课题“普通高中多样化发展的办学成本-测算与分类支持政策研究”(BFA230087)。

摘　　要：中小学作业的减量提质是学校落实“双减”政策、提升课堂教学质量的关键环节。认知诊断理论不仅能有效解决提质增效问题,还可以助力破解个性化、规模化的现实矛盾。本研究以小学六年级数学分数除法单元为研究案例,基于认知诊断模型,提出中小学学生作业减量提质的实践路径,主要包括认知属性界定与划分、认知Q矩阵构建、单元诊断作业题目编制、认知诊断模型选择、学生作业诊断报告获取等五个步骤。结果表明:以试题参数、属性掌握概率为中介桥梁,有利于解决作业设计中“怎么减”与“怎样减得更好”的问题;以理想测量模式、属性掌握模式为重要依据,有利于解决作业设计的提质增效问题。研究建议从提升教师作业设计能力、构建高质量评价体系、构建学校作业资源库三个方面深入探索,助力中小学作业减量提质。Reducing the volume and improving the quality of homework in primary and secondary schools is a crucial step in implementing the"double reduction"policy and enhancing classroom teaching effectiveness.Cognitive diagnostic theory not only supports quality improvement and efficiency enhancement but also e helps resolve the tension between personalization and scalability.Focusing on the fraction division unit of sixth grade mathematics,this study proposes a practical approach for reducing homework amount while enhancing its quality based on cognitive diagnostic models.The approach involves five key steps:defining and categorizing cognitive attributes,constructing a cognitive Q-matrix,developing diagnostic homework questions for the unit,selecting appropriate cognitive diagnostic models,and generating diagnostic reports on student performance.Findings indicate that using test parameters and attribute mastery probability as intermediary bridges is beneficial for addressing both'how to reduce'and'how to optimize reduction'in homework design.Furthermore,an ideal measurement mode coupled with an effective attribute mastery mode provides a foundation for enhancing quality and efficiency in homework design.The study suggests optimizing homework design through three strategies:strengthening teachers'homework design skills,building high-quality evaluation systems,and developing comprehensive school-based homework resource libraries to facilitate reduction and quality improvement of primary and secondary school homework.

关 键 词：“双减”政策 认知诊断模型 中小学作业 减量提质 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]