从《学位条例》到《学位法》:中国特色学位法律制度的生成逻辑透视  

From the Regulations on Academic Degrees to the Law on Academic Degrees:Perspectives on the Generative Logic of Degree Legal System with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong(Institute of Higher education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第19期31-42,共12页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)青年课题“高等教育治理法律规制的规范释义与功能导向研究”(CIA230318)的部分成果。

摘　　要：《学位条例》作为新中国第一部教育法律,开启了中国教育法治的进程,促进了中国高等教育事业的发展。然而,随着我国进入新发展阶段,《学位条例》已经不能满足实践需求。从《学位条例》到《学位法》,昭示着我国学位法治从需要法律制度向实现良法善治转变,标志着中国特色学位法律制度更加成熟、更加定型、更加完善。考察中国特色学位法律制度的生成逻辑,对于理解中国式教育治理现代化以及中国特色教育法治发展道路的内在运行机理具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。《学位法》的出台,受到简政放权与学位监管改革、教育法的体系化发展、学位类行政诉讼案件裁判规则演进、学位授予单位关于学位申请人或学位获得者权益救济的法治实践等多重逻辑的交叠影响。透过立法、行政、司法以及学位授予单位等多重学位治理主体深度互动并最终生成的《学位法》,展现出“权利法”“、程序法”“、组织法”“、行为法”以及“规制法”等多种类型的属性和法治价值,旨在将中国特色学位法律制度的制度优势最大限度地转化为治理效能。As the first education law in new China,the Regulations on Academic Degrees,started the process of the rule of law in Chinese education and promoted the development of higher education in China.However,as China enters a new stage of development,the Regulations on Academic Degrees can no longer meet the needs of practice.From the Regulations on Academic Degrees to the Law on Academic Degrees,it signifies the transformation of the rule of law on academic degrees in China from the need for a legal system to the realization of good laws and good governance,and marks the degree legal system with Chinese characteristics as being more mature,more finalized and more perfect.Examining the generative logic of the legal system of degrees with Chinese characteristics is of great theoretical significance and practical value for understanding the modernization of Chinesestyle education governance and the inner operating mechanism of the development path of the rule of law in education with Chinese characteristics.The introduction of the Degree Law has been influenced by the overlapping of multiple logics,such as the reform of decentralization and degree supervision,the systematic development of education law,the evolution of rules for adjudicating degreetype administrative litigation cases,and the rule of law practice of degree-granting units on the remedies for the rights and interests of degree applicants or degree recipients.The Degree Law,which is generated through the in-depth interaction of multiple degree governance subjects such as legislation,administration,judiciary and degree-granting units,shows the"law of rights","procedural law","organizational law"and"behavioral law".The Law on Academic Degrees demonstrates the attributes and rule of law values of"right law","procedural law","organizational law","behavioral law"and"regulatory law",aiming to maximize the systemic advantages of the legal system of academic degrees with Chinese characteristics into the effectiveness of governance.

关 键 词：《学位条例》 《学位法》 中国特色学位法律制度 教育法治 良法善治 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] D922.16[文化科学—教育学]