亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”:理论渊源、释义演变与本意还原  

Adam Smith’s“Invisible Hand”:Theoretical Origin,Interpretation Evolution and Original Intention Restoration

作　　者：郝海波 HAO Haibo(School of Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学经济学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东财经大学学报》2024年第5期46-60,87,共16页Journal of Shandong University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：中宣部马克思主义理论研究和建设工程特别委托项目“有效市场和有为政府更好结合研究”(2021MYB014)。

摘　　要：亚当·斯密的“看不见的手”在经济学中有着非常重要的地位,但是大量证据表明,主流经济学过度解读并严重曲解了斯密的“看不见的手”。早在斯密之前,“看不见的手”就已经频繁出现在各种文献当中,其含义可以理解为某种“超自然的、凡人难以察觉的力量”。早期学者正确地从宗教和神学的角度阐释了斯密的“看不见的手”,但后来受意识形态斗争的影响,部分西方学者将“看不见的手”解释为市场机制,并使其成为主流。斯密的修辞学理论表明,斯密不可能将“看不见的手”视为对市场机制的隐喻。其实,“看不见的手”是斯密神学思想的一种反映。具体地说,《天文学的历史》中的“朱庇特的看不见的手”体现了斯密对多神教的否定;《道德情操论》和《国富论》中的“看不见的手”体现了斯密“蒙骗论”的神学思想。围绕“看不见的手”对斯密著作进行文本研究,有助于破除对西方经济学的迷信,更加自信地构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学体系。Adam Smith’s“invisible hand”holds a very important position in economics,but numerous pieces of evidence indicate that the mainstream economics excessively interprets and severely distorts Smith’s“invisible hand”.Long before Smith,the“invisible hand”had frequently appeared in various literature,the meaning of which could be understood as some kind of“supernatural,imperceptible power for mortals”.The early scholars correctly interpreted Smith’s“invisible hand”from religious and theological perspectives,but later influenced by ideological struggles,some Western scholars interpreted the“invisible hand”as a market mechanism and made it become mainstream.Smith’s rhetorical theory suggests that he could not regard the“invisible hand”as a metaphor for market mechanism.In fact,the“invisible hand”is a reflection of Smith’s theological thought.Specifically,the“invisible hand of Jupiter”in The History of Astronomy reflects Smith’s negation of polytheism,while the“invisible hand”in Moral Sentiment Theory and On the Wealth of Nations reflects Smith’s theological ideas of“deception theory”.Conducting textual research on Smith’s works around the“invisible hand”can help to dispel the superstition of Western economics and build more confidently the socialist political economics system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：亚当·斯密 看不见的手 国富论 道德情操论 天文学的历史 

分 类 号：F014.3[经济管理—政治经济学]