债权人代位权诉讼合并审理的法理解释与程序展开  

Legal Interpretation and Procedural Development of the Merger Trial of Creditor’s Subrogation Rights Litigation

作　　者：蔡虹[1] 郭文静 CAI Hong;GUO Wen-jing

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第10期134-144,186,187,共13页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“民事司法程序现代化问题研究”(21&ZD205);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2722023AK002)。

摘　　要：《民法典合同编解释》第37条第2款规定了多数债权人向同一相对人起诉的合并审理问题。鉴于相对人之主体范围发生扩张,债权人代位权诉讼的合并审理程序呈现出复杂的“多对多”法律关系。实践中法官将其认定为普通共同诉讼或必要共同诉讼的做法不一。而理论界提倡的类似必要共同诉讼仅适用于既判力向其他共同诉讼人扩张适用的情形,其对债权人代位权诉讼合并审理的解释力有限。因此,有必要依照我国法律适用的本土化背景,适用诉的合并制度展开进一步解释。如扩张解释同一事实的范围,修正可以合并审理的认识误区,缓和法院的诉讼指挥权。在具体裁量债权人代位权诉讼是否合并审理的程序展开问题上,应当明确诉讼标的之客体要件、当事人之主体要件、第三人之主体要件、法院之管辖要件以及合并审理的消极要件。Paragraph 2 of Article 37 in the Interpretation of the Contract Compilation of the Civil Code stipulates the issue of merger proceedings when a majority of creditors file a lawsuit against the same counterparty.Due to the expansion of the scope of the counterparty,the merger trial process in creditor subrogation litigation presents a complex“many to many”legal relationship.In practice,judges have different approaches to determining whether this constitutes a common joint action or a necessary joint action.Theoretical advocacy for necessary joint litigation only applies to situations where res judicata extends to other joint litigants,and its explanatory power is limited for the combined trial of creditor subrogation litigation.Therefore,it is necessary to further interpret the application of the merger system in the context of China’s legal practice.Expanding the interpretation of what constitutes the same fact,correcting misconceptions about the possibility of merged trials,and alleviating the court’s burden in managing litigation are key to this process.When determining whether to merge creditor subrogation rights litigation,it is necessary to clarify the object requirements of the litigation,the subject requirements of the parties,the subject requirements of the third party,the jurisdictional requirements of the court,and the negative requirements for merger trials.

关 键 词：债权人代位权诉讼 共同诉讼 诉的合并 同一事实 当事人适格 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]