庄子“不得已”思想发微  

On the Concept of the"Budeyi"(What-is-Inevitable)in Zhuangzi

作　　者：孙明君[1] Sun Mingjun

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2024年第10期46-52,83,F0003,共9页Philosophical Research

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“庄子思想与中古文学研究”(编号20GZGX11)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“不得已”是每个人都会遇到的人生困境。面对不得已之生命困境,不同的人有不同的应对之策。《庄子》的作者在面对迫不得已之事时,继承了老子的“不得已”观念,进一步提出了“托不得已以养中”和“动以不得已之谓德”两种思想观念。在世俗世界中,迫不得已是一种被动的状态。在庄子的观念中,“不得已”是理固如此,须要顺理而为。“托不得已以养中”就是要利用、借助“不得已”去实现更高的心灵境界的逍遥,达到一种内心的中和;“动以不得已之谓德”强调变被动为主动,从行动上去改变“不得已”的状态,其中明显蕴含着积极主动的成分。围绕着“不得已”的观念,庄子构建起了政治论、修身论、认识论等实践环节。庄子“不得已”思想与老庄自然思想紧密相关,是老庄自然思想在现实生活层面的展开和落实。对庄子“不得已”观念进行深入研究,有利于充分理解庄子以及道家思想的内涵,客观上有助于消除庄子代表了消极思想和躺平意识的流行观念。The concept of"budeyi"(what-is-inevitable)refers to a universal experience that everyone encounters in his or her life.In addressing""budeyi,"Zhuangzi draws from Laozi's perspective,suggesting that one should"cultivate a neutral mind in the face of the inevitable"and recognizes that"acting in accordance with the inevitable is virtuous"While what-is-inevitable represents a passive condition,it is nevertheless transformed by Zhuangzi's philosophy into a necessary aspect of the existence of human beings,with an emphasis that the embracement of what-is-inevitable is a pathway to spiritual freedom and inner peace Moreover,the notion of"acting under what-is-inevitable"reframes passivity into an active stance by encouraging agency in navigating one's circumstances Although Zhuangzi's thought is often viewed as pessimistic,the idea of"budeyi"reveals a positive dimensionof it,which highlights one's potential for growth and resilience amidst the challenges of life.

关 键 词：庄子 不得已 《人间世》 养中 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]