人工智能时代的地理科学前沿问题探析  

AI for geographical sciences:The frontiers

作　　者：李宇航 徐志伟[4] 刘燕华[5] 张玉虎[6] 孙福宝[1,5] LI Yuhang;XU Zhiwei;LIU Yanhua;ZHANG Yuhu;SUN Fubao(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,CAS,Urumqi 830011,China;University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21,Beijing100038,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100038 [4]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [5]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [6]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第10期2409-2424,共16页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42025104,42122001)。

摘　　要：随着科技的飞速发展,人工智能(AI)已经成为推动科学发展和社会进步的重要力量。在地理科学领域,AI技术的应用正逐渐深入,为地理大数据与时空信息的采集、分析和应用带来了革命性的变化,并在多个方面展现出广泛的创新与应用潜力。本文系统梳理了AI在地理科学领域中的发展与应用,详细介绍了机器学习、计算机视觉、自然语言处理、规划系统以及大模型等不同AI技术的发展脉络及其在地理学中的具体应用,分析了AI在地理学应用中面临的问题与挑战,并对“AI+地理科学”交叉研究的未来发展前景进行了展望。With the rapid advancement of science and technology,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a significant force driving scientific development and social progress.In the field of geographical sciences,the application of AI technology is deepening,bringing revolutionary changes to the collection,analysis,and application of big data and spatio-temporal information,and demonstrating innovative and application potential in multiple aspects.This paper systematically reviews the development and application of AI in geographical sciences,providing a detailed introduction to the development trajectories of various AI fields such as machine learning,computer vision,natural language processing,planning systems,and large AI models,as well as their applications in geography.It discusses the problems and challenges of AI applications in geography and provides an outlook on the future development of interdisciplinary research between AI and geographical sciences.

关 键 词：地理科学 人工智能 大数据 时空信息 研究范式转型 

分 类 号：K90-0[历史地理—人文地理学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]