赫哲语动词的人称范畴  

Person Marking of Verbs in Hezhen

作　　者：金莉娜[1] 金钰洁 JIN Lina;JIN Yujie

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院文学院,黑龙江157001 [2]暨南大学文学院,广州518053

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第4期34-48,共15页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“濒危赫哲语参考语法研究(18BYY192)”;2024年度黑龙江省教育厅语言文字科研项目“数智时代黑龙江省满-通古斯语族语言的使用现状调查研究(2024Y035)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于多年的田野调查,文章提出赫哲语动词具有人称范畴,并运用语言类型学方法探讨赫哲语动词的人称问题。赫哲语的人称一致标记均为后缀,从形态和音系特征来看,人称代词是人称后缀的主要来源。动词的人称变化体现谓语和小句主语的人称信息编码模式,形动词、副动词、谓语动词的人称变化不完全相同,陈述式、祈使式、条件式谓语动词与小句主语的人称一致关系也有区别。主语是一致关系的控制项,其生命度与有定性影响和制约动词的人称一致标记。赫哲语动词人称一致标记的使用具有较强的规律性,但是已出现简化趋势。In terms of the first-hand data from fieldwork,we propose that Hezhen has person markings and provide an in-depth discussion on the person marking on verbs from a typological perspective.All the verb agreement markers of Hezhen are suffixes.From morphological and phonological characteristics,personal pronouns are the primary sources of verb agreement suffixes.Person inflection on verbs displays the encoding of the person information of the clausal subject and predicate.Verbal adjectives,converbs and verbs functioning as a predicate are somewhat different in terms of person inflection,and verb agreement between the clausal subject and predicate is distinct in indicative,imperative and conditional sentences.Subjects are controllers of person markings,and the animacy and definiteness of subjects exert impact and restrictions on person markers of verbs.Suffixation of person markers on verbs is fairly regular,but the markings are tending toward simplification.

关 键 词：赫哲语 动词 人称范畴 人称一致关系 控制项 

分 类 号：H225[语言文字—少数民族语言]