论唯物史观在历史科学中的具体化实行  

On the Concrete Implementation of the Materialist Conception of History in Historical Science

作　　者：吴晓明[1] WU Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心暨哲学学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第10期5-15,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：唯物史观首先表现为一系列的原则或原理,但它绝不停留于抽象的普遍性之上,而是本质地包含着普遍者的具体化——根据特定的社会条件和历史环境而来的具体化。在这样的意义上,唯物史观同时就意味着辩证法,意味着超越抽象普遍性的“外在反思”。但是,当黑格尔把辩证法建立在“绝对主体”这一基础之上的时候,马克思则把辩证法建立在“实在主体”(即“既定社会”)的基础之上。因此,唯物史观本身就内在地要求开展出依“实在主体”本身的社会—历史内容而来的具体化。这种具体化的实行就是“历史科学”,换句话说,唯物史观是在“历史科学”中实现并完成其具体化的。历史科学不仅是指某个特定的领域,而且还意味着一种更新了的理论动力:就像唯物史观的原则或原理要在历史科学的领域中生根一样,这个领域本身要通过更新了的理论动力来重获活力并迎来它的繁花盛开。The materialist conception of history initially presents itself as a series of principles or axioms,but it never remains on the level of abstract universality.Instead,it essentially encompasses the concretization of the universal-concretization according to specific social conditions and historical environments.In this sense,the materialist conception of history also implies dialectics,which means transcending the“external reflection”of abstract universality.However,while Hegel established dialectics on the foundation of the“absolute subject”,Marx established dialectics on the foundation of the“real subject”(i.e.,“given society”).Therefore,the materialist conception of history inherently demands the development of concretization based on the social and historical content of the“real subject”itself.The implementation of this concretization is“historical science”.In other words,the materialist conception of history achieves and completes its concretization within“historical science”.Historical science refers not only to a specific domain but also implies a renewed theoretical impetus:just as the principles or axioms of the materialist conception of history take root in the field of historical science,so this domain itself regains vitality and welcomes its flourishing through the renewed theoretical impetus.

关 键 词：唯物史观 普遍性 具体化 现实 历史科学 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]