种族主义与明治日本人的身份认同  

Racism and the Identity Construction of the Japanese in the Meiji Period

作　　者：姚睿麟 YAO Ruilin(Japan Institute,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2024年第5期36-46,共11页Japanese Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多维视角下的日本现代化专题研究”(22JJD770040)。

摘　　要：近代西方国家出于建立民族国家及开展海外殖民的需要,创立了“科学种族主义”的理论体系。这一体系提出了一种以“白种人优越论”为核心的人种等级秩序,并赋予了日本人“黄种人”这一全新的身份。围绕是否接受这种人种等级秩序,以及是否接纳“黄种人”身份这两个关键问题,明治时期日本思想界出现了四种倾向:“人种改良论”“日本人种白种论”“亚细亚主义”以及“保守的人种论”。这四种倾向最终归结于两种身份认同,其一是作为与“白种人”相抗衡的“黄种人”或“有色人种”,其二则是独一无二的、优于周边民族的“日本人种”。这两种身份认同彼此影响又互相矛盾,对后来日本的自我认识与世界认识产生了深远影响。In Modern Western countries,a theoretical system of“scientific racism”was established in order to build up nation states and carry out overseas colonization.This system provides a racial hierarchy centered on the“white supremacy theory”and gives Japanese people a new identity as“yellow race”.Around the two key issues of whether to accept this hierarchical order of race and whether to accept the identity of“yellow race”,there were four tendencies in the ideological circles in Meiji period of Japan:“racial reform theory”,“white-Japanese theory”,“Asianism”,and“conservative race theory”.These four tendencies ultimately lead to two types of identity,one being a“yellow”or“colored”race that competes with“white”people,and the other being a unique and superior“Japanese race”compared to neighboring ethnic groups.These two types of identity influence and contradict each other,which have a profound impact on Japan's self-understanding and world understanding in the future.

关 键 词：人种 自我认识 人种改良 亚细亚主义 记纪神话 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]