量词与类指:对立范畴的相互转化  

Classifiers and Generic Reference:Conversion of Opposing Categories

作　　者：刘丹青[1] LIU Danqing(Shenzhen University)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学,广东省深圳市518060

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第5期585-599,共15页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：深圳市孔雀鹏城学者启动项目(827-000665);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“粤港澳大湾区粤方言资源库建设及应用”(QNTD202309)的支持。

摘　　要：汉语量词的基本功能是个体化,与去个体化的类指相对。但是汉语的一些量词显赫方言却在量词基础上发展出了种类量词甚至类指准冠词,形成了人类语言中罕见的类指入库甚至类指显赫类型,量词和类指两个对立范畴间实现了转化。本文从库藏类型学视角,通过普通话、粤语和吴语的个案研究,分析量词显赫方言孕育出类指入库和显赫类型的过程和机制,从个体和类指间的转喻、次类指到类指的重新分析以及量词的句法功能等维度,初步解释了这两个对立范畴相互转化的动因。The prominent use of classifiers in Chinese is individualization,contrasting with generic reference which implies a process of deindividualization.However,some Chinese dialects,characterized by robust classifier systems,have developed categorical classifiers and even prospective generic articles from typical classifiers.The emergence of inventory-internal generic reference and generic-mighty types,rarely attested in human languages,facilitates the conversion of the classifier and generic reference,which are generally regarded as converse domains.The present research focuses on the process and mechanism of inventory-internal and mighty generic reference,based on case studies of dialects with classifiers,such as Mandarin,Cantonese and Wu dialects.The factors facilitating the conversion of the two categories were primarily investigated,including but not limited to the mutual metonymy of individuality and generic reference,the reanalysis from subcategorical generic reference to generic reference,and the syntactical function of classifiers.

关 键 词：量词 类指 对立范畴 转化 转喻 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]