英汉指元状语句的及物性对比研究  

A Contrastive Study of the Transitivity in English and Chinese Argument⁃Oriented Adverbial Sentences

作　　者：杨静[1] 王文斌[2] YANG Jing;WANG Wenbin(Chongqing Normal University;Beijing Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学 [2]北京外国语大学,北京市海淀区100081

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第5期600-613,共14页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目“英汉指元状语的时空性对比研究”(21XJC740005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前的及物性研究主要关注主谓宾等句子主干成分,尚未深入探讨修饰语的作用。本文基于及物性的认知模式,以英汉语基础动词EAT和“吃”与指元状语的共现情况为例,对比英汉指元状语句的及物性。结果发现:1)英语指元状语主要分布于句末,且频率较低,因而对句子及物性的负向作用低于汉语;2)汉语指元状语主要分布于主语和谓语动词之间,且频率远高于英语指元状语,因而对句子及物性的损耗远高于英语。本文提出,英汉指元状语对句子及物性作用的差异,根源在于这两种语言不同的时空性偏好:英语偏重强时间性思维,而汉语侧重强空间性思维。Research on transitivity has primarily focused on the impact of major syntactic components such as subject,predicate,and object on transitivity,with little in-depth attention paid to the role of modifiers.Grounded on the cognitive model of transitivity,this study takes for example the co-occurrence of two basic verbs EAT and"chi"(吃,eat)with argument-oriented adverbials(AOAs)in English and Chinese respectively,aiming to contrast the transitivity of the AOA sentences between the two languages.It is found that(1)the AOAs in English usually occur in the sentence-final position and with lower frequency,thereby exerting a less negative impact on the transitivity of the sentence compared to their Chinese counterparts;and(2)the AOAs in Chinese primarily appear between the subject and the predicate verb in a sentence and with much higher frequency,thus inducing significantly greater attrition on the transitivity of the sentence than those in English.This article proposes that the disparate effects of English and Chinese AOAs on sentence transitivity stem from the distinct spatio-temporal preferences of these two languages,i.e.,English favors a strong temporal mindset,while Chinese prefers a strong spatial mindset.

关 键 词：指元状语 及物性 EAT 吃 时空性 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]