我国中小学教研活动的滥觞——一段学术史的考察  

The Initiation of Teaching and Research Activities in Primary and Middle Schools in China--An Investigation into the Academic History

作　　者：王丽华[1] 薄金鑫 钟可心 WANG Lihua;BO Jinxin;ZHONG Kexin(School of Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学教育学院,金华321004

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2024年第10期109-121,共13页Global Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学一般课题“近70年中小学教研活动的中国经验研究”(项目编号:BHA190131)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中小学教研活动是成就我国教师队伍建设的特色举措,然而,其滥觞至今仍然是个难题,长期以来缺乏对滥觞之时、之源、之由的学术史考察。本研究以教研活动作为整体考察单元进行系统溯源,发现我国中小学教研活动的滥觞需要符合三个条件:近代学堂兴起、近代学制建立、教师成为独立职业。据此,结合具体教研活动兴起的具体时间,推断教研活动发端于清末民初,而非晚清、民国或新中国成立前夕。教研活动在外学内创中初具雏形,外学是基础,主要向日本学习;内创是根本,主要有教员研究所、分科研究会、教案编制、集体备课、观摩会、读法商榷会等,为我国当前的教研活动确立了雏形的同时,证明了教研活动既非完全自创,也非学习与借鉴苏联经验的产物。教研活动初创阶段的重要人物主要有严修、张伯苓等人,他们的根本动因是教育救国,而非单为解决师资缺乏的问题。Teaching and research activities in primary and middle schools have played a significant role in shaping China's educational workforce.However,its initiation of these activities remains a challenging issue due to a long-standing lack of comprehensive historical investigation.As a result,it is necessary to systematically trace the origins of teaching and research activities in their entirety.This research has found that the initiation of such activities in primary and middle schools in China should meet three requirements:the development of modern schools;the estabishment of a modern schooling system;the emergence of teachers as independent practitioners.It is inferred that the teaching and research activities in primary and middle schools in China began during the late Qing and early Republican period based on the aforementioned circumstances and the specific time of these activities.Therefore,these activities did not originate in the late Qing Dynasty or the Republic of China,nor did they start before the establishment of the People's Republic of China.Teaching and research activities took shape through external learning and internal creation.External learning,primarily from Japan,served as the foundation,while internal innovation was the core.Examples of these activities in China include teaching institutes,branch studies for school teachers,lesson planning,collective lesson preparation,observation meetings,and reading consultation meetings.This not only established the prototype for China's current teaching and research activities,but also indicates that these activities were neither entirely self-created nor solely products of learning from the Soviet Union.At that time,Yan Xiu and Zhang Bo-ling played significant roles in the early development of teaching and research activities,focusing on preserving the nation through education rather than solely on teacher training.

关 键 词：教研活动 清末民初 外学内创 教育救国 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]