面向格密码的可配置基-4 NTT硬件优化与实现  

Configurable radix-4 NTT hardware optimization and implementation for lattice-based cryptography

作　　者：周清雷[1,2] 韩贺茹 李斌 刘宇航[1,2] ZHOU Qinglei;HAN Heru;LI Bin;LIU Yuhang(School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Province Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学计算机与人工智能学院,河南郑州450001 [2]河南省网络密码技术重点实验室,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《通信学报》2024年第10期163-179,共17页Journal on Communications

基　　金：河南省科技攻关基金资助项目(No.232102211055);河南省网络密码技术重点实验室研究课题基金资助项目(No.LNCT2022-A14);河南省重大科技专项基金资助项目(No.221100210600)。

摘　　要：针对数论变换(NTT)优化格密码算法中的多项式乘法问题,以及NTT设计趋向多应用场景的需求,提出了一种面向格密码的可配置基-4 NTT硬件结构。通过分析基-4 NTT/INTT(Inverse NTT)算法流程,设计了高效的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)整体结构。该结构具备参数化的运行时可配置性和满足多样化需求的编译时可配置性,以流水线方式构建基-4 NTT统一化蝶形单元,并对模除、模约减等关键模块进行优化,提高了计算效率和可配置性。此外,提出可配置多RAM存储优化设计方案及数据存储分配算法,以避免内存冲突、提高数据访问效率。与相关方案的对比及分析表明,以Dilithium算法为例,所提方案不仅具有较高的工作频率,还实现了面积上高达54.3%的优化和吞吐量高达2倍的提升,能够充分发挥FPGA的计算优势。In response to the complex polynomial multiplication issue in lattice-based cryptography algorithms optimized with number theoretic transform(NTT),as well as the demand for NTT designs catering to multiple application scenarios,a configurable radix-4 NTT hardware architecture for lattice-based cryptography was proposed.By analyzing the radix-4 NTT/INTT(inverse NTT)algorithm process,an efficient FPGA architecture was designed,which parameterized runtime configurability and offered compile-time configurability to meet diverse requirements,a pipeline approach was used to construct the radix-4 NTT unified butterfly unit,key algorithmic modules such as modular division and modular reduction were deeply optimized,thereby enhancing computational efficiency and reconfigurability.Additionally,a configurable multi-RAM storage optimization design scheme and data storage allocation algorithm were proposed to avoid memory conflicts and improve data access efficiency.Comparison and analysis with related approaches show that,using the Dilithium algorithm as an example,the proposed design not only achieves a high operational frequency but also achieves up to 54.3%improvement in area and 2 times optimization in throughput,fully leveraging the computational advantages of FPGA.

关 键 词：数论变换 格密码 多项式乘法 现场可编程门阵列 蝶形单元 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]