发展性阅读障碍的神经心理学理论及其干预方法  

Neuropsychological Theories and Intervention Methods of Developmental Dyslexia

作　　者：郑园 李晨灏 王翠艳[3] ZHENG Yuan;LI Chenhao;WANG Cuiyan(Luojiang District Special Education Center,Deyang City,Sichuan Province,Deyang Sichuan 618500,China;School of Social History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;School of Education,Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei Anhui 235000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省德阳市罗江区特殊教育中心,四川德阳618500 [2]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福州350117 [3]淮北师范大学教育学院,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《北京联合大学学报》2024年第6期87-92,共6页Journal of Beijing Union University

基　　金：安徽省研究生教育新时代育人质量工程项目“自闭症谱系障碍儿童反应抑制的特点及脑激活研究”(2023xscx084);淮北师范大学研究生创新基金项目“运动视觉大细胞训练对改善发展性阅读障碍儿童的个案研究”(CX2023006)。

摘　　要：随着对发展性阅读障碍因果机制研究的深入,对该障碍群体的理论及干预研究也呈现出多样化和复杂化趋势。通过梳理和分析双重缺陷理论、大脑平衡模型、小脑缺陷和视觉大细胞缺陷理论假说及其衍生的干预方法发现,半球内隐刺激干预法与以运动视觉为中心的干预法能有效提高阅读障碍者的阅读准确性;快速自动命名干预法、半球特异性刺激干预法及以使用颜色滤光片为工具的干预法更侧重改善阅读的流畅度;词汇的应用与加速训练体现了对阅读理解力的有效性。未来研究应着重拓展发展性阅读障碍感知觉缺陷方面的神经心理学理论,明确不同阅读障碍亚型的障碍本质,从而选择具有适切性的干预方法。With the deepening research on the causal mechanisms of developmental dyslexia,theories and intervention studies on this group have also shown a trend of diversification and complexity.This article combs and analyzes the double-deficit theory,the cerebellar deficit theory,the brain balance model,and the magnocellular deficit theory and their derived intervention methods.The results showed that the hemispheric-alluding stimulation interventions and movement vision-centered interventions can effectively improve the reading accuracy of developmental dyslexic.The rapid automatic naming training,the hemisphere-specific stimulation interventions,and the use of color filters are more focused on improving reading fluency.Only the vocabulary application and acceleration training can reflect the effectiveness of reading comprehension power.Future research should focus on expanding the neuropsychological theory of sensory deficits in developmental dyslexia,and clarify the nature of the impairment in different sub-types of dyslexia to choose appropriate intervention methods.

关 键 词：发展性阅读障碍 双重缺陷 大脑平衡模型 小脑缺陷 视觉大细胞缺陷 干预 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]