贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄埋土防寒层冬春季温度变化特征  

Temperature Characteristics of Wine-grape Buried Soil Layer in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain during Winter and Spring

作　　者：徐蕊 张磊[1,2] 郭伟 郭晓雷 李阳 姜琳琳 李娜 XU Rui;ZHANG Lei;GUO Wei;GUO Xiao-lei;LI Yang;JIANG Lin-lin;LI Na(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions/Ningxia Key Lab for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute,Yinchuan 750002;Ningxia Xige Wine Company Limited,Wuzhong 751100)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室/宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏气象科学研究所,银川750002 [3]宁夏西鸽酒庄有限公司,吴忠751100

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第11期1336-1348,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2022AAC02074);国家自然科学基金项目(41965009)。

摘　　要：2021/2022年和2022/2023年冬春季,在贺兰山东麓产区选择4个不同土壤类型的埋土层,即试验地1(F1):重砾石及砂石土;试验地2(F2):40%砾石土和60%沙质土;试验地3(F3):淡灰钙土;试验地4(F4):细沙土,实时监测内部距离表层土壤10cm(T1)、20cm(T2)、30cm(T3)和40cm(T4)处的土壤温度,分析冬季(12月-翌年2月)和春季(3月-出土)土壤温度变化特征。结果表明:(1)冬季各试验地埋土层日平均温度、日最低温度波动与气温趋势一致,随埋土深度增加波动逐渐减小;试验地1-3埋土层在相同深度的平均温度和平均最低温度最大分别相差1.2℃和2.2℃,试验地4埋土层温度较其他试验地偏低;随埋土深度增加,各试验地埋土层平均温度每10cm增加0.2~1.3℃,最低温度增加0.9~2.2℃。(2)各试验地埋土层温度连续最低5日的起始日期出现在降温过程后的1d内,埋土层日最低温度出现时刻随埋土深度增加逐渐推迟,持续时间也延长。(3)春季各试验地埋土层日平均温度随埋土深度增加逐渐降低,每10cm降低0.1~1.2℃;≥10℃活动积温随时间呈线性增长,埋土层T1与T2、T3与T4处≥10℃活动积温差异不大,日增长率分别在13.1~14.4℃·d和12.2~13.7℃·d,T1/T2和T3/T4活动积温平均相差25.4~33.8℃·d;基于赤霞珠土内萌芽温度指标可知,T2-T4处萌芽起始日期的≥10℃活动积温在277.9~307.6℃·d;(4)由试验地1-3埋土层T1/T2和T3/T4处≥10℃活动积温与≥10℃空气积温的关系方程可知,二者响应关系均呈一元一次方程变化趋势,且拟合效果较好,模型效率系数均在0.95以上,平均绝对误差在22.4℃·d以下。说明冬季不同土壤类型埋土层内部,酿酒葡萄枝条受越冬冻害风险较小,埋土层温度随深度增加呈增加趋势且波动逐渐减少,细沙土较其他土壤类型埋土层的温度略偏低;建立的葡萄土内萌芽起始日期≥10℃活动积温指标及春季空气积温-埋土层积温线性关系模型可为The soil temperature in the eastern foothills of the Helan mountain,where wine grapes are buried in layers of soil during winter and spring,is important for grape growth and annual yields.Therefore,the variation law of soil temperature in buried soil layers for different soil types has been analyzed to provide a reference for scientific management of planting sites.In the winter to spring of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023,four buried soil layers with different soil types were selected at the eastern foot of Helan mountain,site 1(F1):heavy stone and sandy soil;Site 2(F2):40%stony soil and 60% sandy soil;Site 3(F3):light lime soil;Site 4(F4):fine sandy soil,and the soil temperature at 10cm(T1),20cm(T2),30cm(T3)and 40cm(T4)from the surface soil was monitored in real time,to analyze the characteristics of soil temperature changes of buried soil layer in winter(December to February of the next year)and spring(March to the excavation).The results showed that:(1)in winter,the daily mean soil temperature and the daily minimum soil temperature fluctuated in line with the trend of the air temperature,and the fluctuations decreased as the soil depth increases.The maximum difference in average temperature and average minimum temperature of buried soil layers at the same depth at test site 1 to 3 were 1.2℃ and 2.2℃,respectively.The temperature of the buried soil layer in F4 was lower than that at the other test sites.With the increase of buried soil depth,the average soil temperature and the minimum soil temperature increased by 0.2-1.3℃ and 0.9-2.2℃ per 10cm.(2)The starting date of the lowest 5 days of buried soil temperature for each test appeared within 1d after the cooling process.The occurrence time of the daily minimum soil temperature in the buried soil layer was gradually delayed as the depth of buried layer increased,and the duration of the low temperature was extended.(3)In spring,the average daily soil temperature decreased gradually with increasing depth,and decreased by 0.1-1.2℃ every 10cm.The accumulated temp

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 埋土层 土壤温度 温度特征分析 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S152.8[农业科学—园艺学]