湖南省浏阳市2019年-2022年中小学近视及戴镜情况调查  

A Study on the Prevalence of Myopia and Glasses Usage among Primary and Secondary School Students in Liuyang,Hunan Province from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：夏鑫 李模江 易湘青 李莹姝 文婷 彭清华[1] XIA Xin;LI Mojiang;YI Xiangqing;LI Yingshu;WEN Ting;PENG Qinghua(Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Chang-sha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学,长沙410208 [2]浏阳市集里医院,长沙410399

出　　处：《中国中医眼科杂志》2024年第11期1095-1100,共6页China Journal of Chinese Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82274588);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20230790,2023CX104)。

摘　　要：目的调查湖南省浏阳市2019年—2022年中小学生近视及戴镜情况,为科学制定近视防控方案提供数据支撑。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2019年在浏阳市全市抽取15所中小学校,其中包括9所小学、3所初级中学、3所高级中学,将以上15所学校的所有在校学生作为研究对象,2019年—2022年期间每年9~12月对该15所中小学在校学生进行远视力检查和屈光度检查。计算学生的近视率、近视戴镜率、足矫率,比较不同性别和不同年龄组学生的近视及矫正情况。结果(1)整体情况:浏阳市15所中小学在校学生在2019年、2020年、2021年和2022年的近视率分别为45.78%、45.57%、53.42%、50.44%,戴镜率分别为56.43%、59.21%、59.40%、59.73%,足矫率分别为36.71%、37.20%、38.54%、51.26%。4年间近视率、戴镜率、足矫率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(近视率)=345.431、χ^(2)_(戴镜率)=25.801、χ^(2)_(足矫率)=336.456,均P=0.000)。(2)不同性别近视及矫正情况:2019年—2022年间女生总近视率为54.85%,高于男生42.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1205.283,P=0.000);女生总戴镜率60.49%,高于男生56.38%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=64.788,P=0.000)。而男女总足矫率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)不同年龄学生近视及矫正情况:6~17岁学生4年间总近视率分别为7.56%、9.55%、17.43%、26.84%、34.94%、45.34%、55.54%、64.63%、69.05%、75.72%、82.17%、84.37%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22142.406,P=0.000);戴镜率分别为9.07%、12.25%、20.33%、31.30%、39.31%、44.00%、52.39%、57.97%、61.81%、66.97%、75.67%、77.13%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4570.908,P=0.000);足矫率分别为72.73%、70.67%、70.46%、57.84%、49.79%、42.38%、40.58%、41.97%、40.88%、38.48%、39.48%、38.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=255.988,P=0.000)。结论浏阳市2019年—2022年中小学生近视率、戴镜率、足矫率整体呈上升趋势。高龄学生近视率、戴镜OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of myopia and glasses usage among primary and secondary school students in Liuyang,Hunan Province from 2019 to 2022,and to provide data support for developing effective myopia prevention and control strategies.METHODS A stratified random cluster sampling method was used.In 2019,15 primary and secondary schools in Liuyang were selected,including nine primary schools,three middle schools,and three high schools.All enrolled students from these schools were included in the study.From September to December of each year between 2019 and 2022,students underwent distance visual acuity tests and refractive error examinations.Myopia prevalence,glasses-wearing rate,and full correction rate were calculated,and differences in myopia and correction status by gender and age group were analyzed.RESUTLS(1)Overall situation:The overall myopia rates among students in 2019,2020,2021,and 2022 were 45.78%,45.57%,53.42%,and 50.44%,respectively.The glasses-wearing rates were 56.43%,59.21%,59.40%,and 59.73%,and the full correction rates were 36.71%,37.20%,38.54%,and 51.26%.The differences in myopia rates,glasses-wearing rates,and full correction rates over the 4 years were statistically significant(χ^(2)_(myopia)=345.431,χ^(2)_(glasses-wearing)=25.801,χ^(2)full correction=336.456,all P=0.000).(2)Gender differences:The overall myopia rate for females from 2019 to 2022 was 54.85%,higher than males at 42.43%(χ^(2)=1205.283,P=0.000).The glasses-wearing rate for females was 60.49%,higher than males at 56.38%(χ^(2)=64.788,P=0.000).However,there was no significant difference in full correction rates between females and males(P>0.05).(3)Age differences:Myopia rates for students aged 6~17 were 7.56%,9.55%,17.43%,26.84%,34.94%,45.34%,55.54%,64.63%,69.05%,75.72%,82.17%,84.37%,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=22142.406,P=0.000).The glasses-wearing rates were 9.07%,12.25%,20.33%,31.30%,39.31%,44.00%,52.39%,57.97%,61.81%,66.97%,75.67%,77.13%,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)

关 键 词：近视 戴镜率 足矫率 中小学生 浏阳市 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]