禾谷镰刀菌对仓储小麦品质劣变影响的研究  

Effects of Fusarium graminearum on Quality Deterioration of Stored Wheat

作　　者：牛宏晓 杨薇 王兴毓 Niu Hongxiao;Yang Wei;Wang Xingyu(College of Food Science and Bioengineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300380;College of Basic Science,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300380)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院食品科学与生物工程学院,天津300380 [2]天津农学院基础科学学院,天津300380

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2024年第10期20-27,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题项目(2019YFC1605305-03)。

摘　　要：为探究禾谷镰刀菌对仓储小麦品质劣变的影响,本研究以禾谷镰刀菌对不同水质量分数的小麦样品进行浸染,并对浸染过程中小麦的重要品质指标和毒素的积累进行监测。结果表明,禾谷镰刀菌侵染后,小麦籽粒的α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶活性增强。随着侵染时间的延长,小麦水质量分数无明显变化,但水分活度减小,还原糖含量呈现下降趋势,醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量均出现上调趋势,在侵染后期初始水质量分数25%的小麦谷蛋白含量降低。小麦籽粒淀粉含量逐渐降低,考虑由于淀粉的结构被破坏,淀粉的糊化温度和糊化焓都呈降低的趋势。在脂肪分解代谢过程中,随着侵染时间的延长,脂肪酶活性增强,小麦脂肪酸值升高,且初始水质量分数越高,脂肪酸值越大。随着侵染时间的推移,初始水质量分数15%的小麦不饱和脂肪酸含量降低,初始水质量分数20%的小麦不饱和脂肪酸含量升高,初始水质量分数25%的小麦不饱和脂肪酸含量无明显变化。DON和ZEN毒素含量升高明显,且初始水质量分数越高,毒素含量也越高。In order to investigate the effect of Fusarium graminearum on quality deterioration of stored wheat,in this study,the wheat samples were dipped with different water mass fractions by Fusarium graminearum,and the accumulation of important quality indexes and toxins in wheat during the dipping process were monitored.The results indicated that theα-amylase,lipase,and cellulase activities of wheat kernels were enhanced after Fusarium graminearum infestation.With the prolongation of infestation time,wheat moisture content did not change significantly,but water activity decreased,the reducing sugar content showed a decreasing trend,and alcohol soluble protein and glutenin content showed an upward trend,however,at the late stage of infestation initial water mass fraction of 25%wheat glutenin content decreased.Wheat grain starch content gradually decreased,considering that due to the destruction of the structure of starch,the pasting temperature and enthalpy of pasting of starch showed a decreasing trend.During lipolysis metabolism,lipase activity increased with the prolongation of infestation time,and the fatty acid value of wheat increased,and the higher the initial water mass fraction,the greater the fatty acid value.The unsaturated fatty acid content of wheat with an initial water mass fraction of 15%decreased,the unsaturated fatty acid content of wheat with an initial water mass fraction of 20%increased,and the unsaturated fatty acid content of wheat with an initial water mass fraction of 25%did not show any significant change as the infestation time progressed.The contents of DON and ZEN toxins were significantly elevated,and the higher the initial water mass fraction,the higher the content of toxins.

关 键 词：小麦 禾谷镰刀菌 品质 毒素 

分 类 号：S379.9[农业科学—农产品加工]