Critical considerations for the management of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas  

作　　者：Efstathios T Pavlidis Ioannis N Galanis Theodoros E Pavlidis 

机构地区：[1]The 2^(nd)Department of Propaedeutic Surgery,Hippokration General Hospital,School of Medicine,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki 54642,Greece

出　　处：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》2024年第12期4559-4564,共6页世界胃肠肿瘤学杂志（英文）

摘　　要：Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms constitute rare tumors that are located mainly in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract and have high degrees of malignancy,and the frequency of these tumors has been increasing.They consist of a neuroendocrine neoplastic component with another component of adenocarcinoma usually and have a dismal prognosis.The rare GI pure neuroendocrine carcinoma is highly aggressive and requires complex and extensive management since a genetic distinction exists between it and GI non-neuroendocrine neoplasms,which are generally slow-growing lesions.The most common GI-mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are colorectal,followed by gastric,mainly in the gastroesophageal junction.Current imaging modalities of nuclear medicine and radiology play important roles in the accuracy of diagnosis.Liquid biopsy may contribute to early detection and timely diagnosis.Ultrasonography,either endoscopic or abdominal,is a technique that contributes to a diagnosis;additionally,contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is very helpful in followup appointments.Histopathology establishes a definite diagnosis and stage by evaluating the cell differentiation grade and the cell proliferation index Ki67.The genetic profile can be valuable in diagnosis and gene therapy.Surgical resection with wide lymphadenectomy,whenever possible,and adjuvant chemotherapy constitute the main therapeutic management strategies.Targeted therapy and immunotherapy achieve encouraging results.

关 键 词：Neuroendocrine neoplasms Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms Mixed gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas Neuroendocrine carcinoma Neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms 

分 类 号：R730.5[医药卫生—肿瘤]