我国“高空抛坠物”侵权规则适用的三段证成——兼论《民法典》第1254条适用的司法范式  

A three-stage justification for the application of the tort rules in"throwing objects from a high altitude"in China:along with the judicial application paradigm of Article 1254 in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：郑志涛[1] ZHENG Zhitao(Law school,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2025年第1期142-150,共9页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA156);海南省哲学社会科学研究基地课题(JD20-1)。

摘　　要：通过检视现行立法规范和实务适用逻辑,针对司法范式缺陷与适用困境,结合民法解释学,在大前提、小前提和结论三段结构中论证“高空抛坠物”侵权责任的法律适用,有助于提升司法裁判的可预期性。“小前提”系侵权案件事实,“大前提”系《民法典》第1254条之规定,“法律解释”系“大前提”和“小前提”之连结。将法律解释置于“大前提”和“小前提”之间,并推导“结论”的三段论证,有助正本溯源,统一类案之间法律适用。首先,由法律解释确定某法律规范是否适用;其次,通过法律解释规范“大前提”对“小前提”的理解和适用;最后,形成稳定的司法范式得出符合预期的“结论”。Examining the current legislative norms and logic of practical application,this paper is directed against the defects and application difficulties in the judicial paradigm.With hermeneutics of the civil law taken into account,the legal application of the tort liability of"throwing objects from a high altitude"is demonstrated within a three-stage structure of the major premise,the minor premise and the conclusion,which is conducive to improving the predictability of judicial adjudication."The minor premise"refers to the facts of the tort case;"the major premise"refers to the provision of Article 1254 in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China;"the legal interpretation"means the connection between"the major premise"and"the minor premise".The legal interpretation,while put into the three-stage demonstration,exists in the middle of"the major premise"and"the minor premise",and deduces"the conclusion",which helps trace the origin and unify the legal application of similar cases.First,the legal interpretation determines whether or not a legal norm is applicable.Second,the legal interpretation standardizes the understanding and application of"the major premise"to"the minor premise".Finally,a stable judicial paradigm can be established to draw"the conclusion"that meets the expectations.

关 键 词：高空抛坠物 侵权责任 公平责任 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]