论我国当事人适格的判断——兼谈《民事诉讼法》第122条第1项的解释  

On the judgment of suitability of parties in China:along with the interpretation of Article 122(1)of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：陈国欣 CHEN Guoxin(Graduate School of Law,Waseda University,Tokyo 169-8050,Japan)

机构地区：[1]日本早稻田大学法学研究科,东京169-8050

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2025年第1期207-216,共10页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD118);中国国家留学基金国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(CSC202107070009)。

摘　　要：我国《民事诉讼法》第122条第1项规定的“与本案有直接利害关系”本质上是实体当事人概念,这使得我国当事人适格的研究背景与德日颇为不同。从当事人适格的理论功能看,现有研究将第122条第1项解读为我国当事人适格标准是不妥当的;只有对《民事诉讼法》第122条第1项进行低阶化解释,我国才有探讨当事人适格的理论空间。从文义和体系的角度解释《民事诉讼法》第122条第1项的“本案”和“利害关系”,可以有效降低我国的起诉条件,并创造出当事人适格探讨的理论空间。以比较法上当事人适格判断标准的四个学说为基础,结合我国现代型诉讼的处理模式,可分析并论证管理处分权说作为我国当事人适格判断标准的妥当性。"A direct interest in the case"in Article 122(1)of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is essentially a concept of substantive parties,which makes the research background of suitability of parties in China quite different from those of Germany and Japan.In terms of the theoretical function of suitability of parties,current research that interprets Article 122(1)as the standard of suitability of parties in China is inappropriate.Only when Article 122(1)of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is interpreted in a lower order,there will be the theoretical space to explore the suitability of parties in China.The interpretation of"the case"and"the interest"in Article 122(1)of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China from the perspective of the text and the system can effectively reduce the conditions for prosecution in China and create the theoretical space for exploring the suitability of parties.According to the four doctrines of the criteria for judging the suitability of parties in the comparative law,the right to manage disposition,along with the modern litigation model in China,can be analyzed and demonstrated to show its appropriateness as the criteria for judging the suitability of parties in China.

关 键 词：当事人适格 正当当事人 利害关系 诉讼实施权 管理处分权 

分 类 号：D925.112[政治法律—诉讼法学]