缓释肥施用对节水抗旱稻田土壤养分和细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of slow-release fertilizer application on soil nutrients and bacterial community structure of water-saving and drought-resistant rice

作　　者：赵峥[1] 褚长彬[1] 赵洪阳 周德平[1] 张建辉[3] 王庆峰 余新桥[2] 吴淑杭[1] ZHAO Zheng;CHU Changbin;ZHAO Hongyang;ZHOU Deping;ZHANG Jianhui;WANG Qingfeng;YU Xinqiao;WU Shuhang(Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China;Qingpu District Agro-Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201701,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106 [3]上海市青浦区农业技术推广服务中心,上海201701

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2024年第5期38-46,共9页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目[沪农科推字(2021)第1-4号]。

摘　　要：以节水抗旱稻‘八月香’为研究对象,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,探究了缓释肥施用对节水抗旱稻田土壤养分和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:缓释肥施用能够有效提高节水抗旱稻田土壤碱解氮的含量;缓释肥和复合肥混合施用(CS处理)有利于土壤有效态养分(氮、磷、钾)保持在较高水平;施肥方式的变化可改变土壤细菌在门水平的群落结构组成,CS处理中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和厌氧绳菌科(Anaerolineaceae)等细菌群落显著富集;土壤碱解氮和pH是影响节水抗旱稻田土壤细菌群落结构组成的主要因素。综合来看,缓释肥和复合肥混合施用是适合节水抗旱稻田采用的最佳施肥方式。该施肥方式既能保障作物高产和土壤养分的持续供给,还能改善土壤细菌群落结构,促进土壤生态健康和养分循环过程。研究结果可为节水抗旱稻田土壤养分的高效利用提供科学依据。The water-saving and drought-resistant rice(WDR)variety‘Bayuexiang’was selected as the research subject.Utilizing the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform,we examined the impact of slow-release fertilizer application on soil nutrient content and bacterial community composition within the paddy fields cultivating this rice variety.The findings revealed that the application of slow-release fertilizers significantly increased the concentration of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil of fields planted with the water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety.The CS treatment,which involved the combined use of slow-release and compound fertilizers,promoted the retention of soil available nutrients,including nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,at elevated levels.Variations in fertilization practices led to distinct changes in the bacterial community composition at the phylum level,with the CS treatment showing a considerable enrichment of phyla such as Chloroflexi and the family Anaerolineaceae.Soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH emerged as the predominant factors influencing the bacterial community structure in the soil of these rice fields.The integration of slow-release and compound fertilizers was identified as the most suitable fertilization strategy for water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivation.This method not only guarantees high crop productivity and continuous nutrient supply in the soil but also ameliorates the bacterial community structure,thereby enhancing soil ecological health and nutrient cycling.Consequently,it offers a scientific foundation for the effective utilization of soil nutrients in these rice fields.

关 键 词：节水抗旱稻 微生物多样性 细菌群落结构 缓释肥 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]