基于社会技术想象理论的中国自动驾驶政策特征与演化  

Sociotechical Imaginaries of Autonomous Vehicle Policies in China

作　　者：吴杰 仲浩天 WU Jie;ZHONG Haotian(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2024年第1期79-97,共19页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“智能技术背景下居民预期行为与城市空间重构的互动机理研究”(42301285)资助。

摘　　要：自动驾驶汽车已成为智能技术革命中最引人注目的技术之一,催生了关于未来城市发展与居民日常生活的想象。基于社会技术想象理论,文章收集了我国2015—2023年中央政府和16个试点城市的自动驾驶政策文本,利用共词分析、LDA主题建模与相似度计算三种技术,对关于自动驾驶汽车社会技术想象的关键议题进行挖掘,最后通过质性内容分析进一步揭示其社会技术想象所隐含的技术治理逻辑,得到如下结论:①中国自动驾驶政策主题演变逻辑经历了从鼓励产业发展到专注高端制造业转型升级的过程;②其侧重点也呈现区域性特征和层级性;③2020年后政策发文总量上升,但仍具有“重制造、轻应用”“聚焦高端技术、忽视居民日常生活”等特征。综上,文章得出政府对于自动驾驶汽车的想象在很大程度上仍局限于技术和产业,完善政策内容、提高对技术与城市互动机制的认知以及优化技术落地城市的试验机制,对于保障公平、高效、可持续的自动驾驶汽车发展具有重要意义。Autonomous vehicles have become one of the most prominent technologies in the artificial intelligence revolution,giving rise to visions about future urban development and residents’daily life.Based upon the perspective of socio-technical imagination theory,this study collects texts of autonomous driving policies of the central government and 16 pilot cities in China from 2015 to 2023.Using three techniques including co-word analysis,LDA topic modeling,and similarity calculation,this paper explores the key issues regarding the social technical imagination of autonomous vehicles.Finally,through qualitative content analysis,this study further reveals the technological governance logic implied by its socio-technical imagination.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The theme evolution logic of China’s autonomous vehicle policies has undergone a process of transformation and upgrading from encouraging industrial development to focusing on high-end manufacturing.(2)Its emphasis also shows regional and hierarchical characteristics.(3)After 2020,the total number of policy documents has increased,but it still exhibits characteristics such as“emphasis on manufacturing,neglect of application”and“focus on high-end technology,disregard of residents’daily life.”In summary,we conclude that the government’s imagination of autonomous vehicles is still largely confined to technology and industry.It is of great significance to improve policy content,enhance the understanding of the interaction mechanism between technology and cities,and optimize the experimental mechanism for technology landing in cities to ensure fair,efficient,and sustainable development of autonomous vehicles.

关 键 词：自动驾驶汽车 社会技术想象 城市与区域发展 政策文本分析 

分 类 号：U495[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]