清末学生演剧与中国话剧诞生之关系辨正——基于对早期上海学生演剧史料的发掘及形态考察  

Reexamining the Relationship Between Late Qing Student Theatre and the Birth of Chinese Huaju-Based on Exploration and Morphological Investigation of Early Shanghai Student Theatre Historical Materials

作　　者：黄爱华[1] HUANG Aihua

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2024年第5期78-89,I0003,共13页Theatre Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国近现代话剧文献补遗与集成研究”(22&ZD270)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年学界围绕中国话剧的开端与诞生问题,争议之声不绝。判定清末学生演剧是否标示中国话剧的诞生,关键是分析考察其是否具备较为完整的话剧艺术形态。对19世纪末20世纪初上海教会学校和新式学堂学生演剧史料的发掘及形态考察,可知无论是圣约翰书院、南洋公学,抑或是1907年之前其他国内学生演剧,普遍都只是初具话剧形式和写实性特征。可以说清末学生演剧是中国话剧的开端,但笼统地认为“清末学生演剧标示中国话剧诞生”则欠严谨。1907年之前的早期学生演剧,还不是现代意义上的话剧;1907年开始学生演剧进入大剧场演出,舞台形态趋于完整,确实为促成中国话剧艺术的诞生作出了重要贡献。In recent years,the academic debate on the origins and birth of Chinese Huaju has been ongoing.The key to determining whether late Qing student theatre marks the birth of Chinese Huaju lies in analyzing whether it possessed a relatively complete Huaju form.Through the exploration and examination of historical materials related to student theatre in late 19th and early 20th century Shanghai,particularly in missionary schools and modern educational institutions,it is evident that early student performances,whether at St.John's College,Nanyang Public School,or other student theatres before 1907,only partially exhibited the formal and realistic characteristics of Huaju.While late Qing student theatre can be considered as the beginning of Chinese Huaju,it is not entirely accurate to claim that it signifies the birth of Chinese Huaju.The early student performances before 1907 were not yet modern Huaju in the full sense.However,the transition of student theatre into large theatres starting in 1907,with more complete stage forms,indeed played a significant role in the emergence of Chinese Huaju.

关 键 词：清末学生演剧 话剧诞生 演出形态 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]