明清之际“辟王”舆论生成过程考辨  

An Analysis of the Genesis of the Assertion"The Thought of Wang Yangming Misled the Dynasty"during the Ming-Qing Transitional Period

作　　者：黄滢 HUANG Ying

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,130024

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第5期35-43,178,179,共11页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZB20230128);中国博士后科学基金第75批面上资助(2024M750393)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清时期“辟王”舆论的产生有着复杂的背景。从政治因素来看,王阳明甫一逝世,其学问和事功就遭到嘉靖帝的全面否定,即使在嘉靖去世后,受朝中政争的影响,王学也依然受到张居正等朝臣的持续打压,这些出于政治目的强加于王学之上的负面评价显然不符合事实。在学术方面,早在阳明在世时,就有朱子学者对阳明思想提出了质疑,彼时双方的争论仍属正常的学术探讨。明清鼎革之后,批判王学的舆论进一步升级,逐渐形成了“明之天下亡于王学”的刻板印象。尽管如此,通过对相关言论的整理,不难看出清代朱子学派的“辟王”舆论中存在一些牵强附会之处,掺杂了朱子学者的门户之见。The emergence of the"anti-Wang Yangming"sentiment during the Ming and Qing dynasties had a complex backdrop.From a political perspective,immediately after Wang Yangming's death,his academic pursuits and accomplishments were comprehensively rejected by Emperor Jiajing.Even after Jiajing's demise,due to political strife within the court,Wang's philosophy continued to be suppressed by ministers such as Zhang Juzheng.These negative evaluations,imposed on Wang's philosophy for political purposes,were clearly not in line with the facts.Academically,even during Wang Yangming's lifetime,Zhu Xi scholars had already questioned his thoughts,and the debates between the two sides were still within the realm of normal academic discourse.However,after the transition from the Ming to the Qing dynasty,the criticism of Wang's philosophy escalated further,gradually forming the stereotype that"the thought of Wang Yangming misled the Dynasty".Nevertheless,upon examining the relevant discourses,it becomes apparent that the"anti-Wang"sentiment among Zhu Xi scholars in the Qing dynasty contained some far-fetched arguments and was tinged with sectarian biases.

关 键 词：阳明学 “王学误国” 政治斗争 学理批判 尊朱抑王 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] B248.2[历史地理—中国史] D691[哲学宗教—中国哲学]