贵州省野生鸡枞菌共生白蚁的形态学与鉴定  

Morphology and Identification of Commensal Termites of Wild Termitomyces Albuminosus in Guizhou Province

作　　者：余萍 刘婷婷 罗恒 涂元祥 李思梅 苏丽 YU Ping;LIU Tingting;LUO Heng;TU Yuanxiang;LI Simei;SU Li(Qianxinan Prefecture Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xingyi 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]黔西南州农业技术推广中心,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《工业微生物》2024年第5期188-190,共3页Industrial Microbiology

基　　金：2022年贵州省科技计划支撑项目“鸡枞菌基于分子标记的种群鉴定及应用研究”(黔科合支撑[2022]一般084)。

摘　　要：鸡枞菌(Termitomycesspp.)别名荔枝菌、伞把菇、鸡肉丝菇、鸡肉菌,在南方被称作“荔枝菌”,是一种名贵的野生可食用菌,质地细嫩、营养丰富、味道鲜美。鸡枞菌隶属担子菌类、伞菌目(Agaricales)、白蘑科(Tricholomataceae),白蚁菌属(Termitomyces)。鸡枞菌实体形成所依赖的“菌圃”是蚁巢。蚁巢是在白蚁的反复参与下,其排泄物与鸡枞菌的孢子、菌丝,以及相关环境微生物相互作用、协同发育形成的,而条件成熟后可形成菌索,进而形成鸡枞菌实体。文章采集了29份贵州省内的白蚁样本,通过光学显微镜观察白蚁形态并提取了其DNA进行测序鉴定,同时利用MEGA7.0软件构建了系统发育树,以确定白蚁样本的种类,为深入研究白蚁与鸡枞菌的共生关系奠定基础。Termitomyces spp.,known as Litchi fungus in the south of China,umbrella mushroom,chicken silk mushroom and chicken meat fungus,is a kind of rare wild edible fungus.It has delicate texture,rich nutrition and a delicious taste.Termitomyces albuminosus belongs to Basidiomycetes,Agaricales,Tricholomataceae and Termitomyces.The termite nest is the“fungus field”on which the fruiting body of Termitomyces albuminosus is formed.The termite nest is formed by the repeated participation of termites and the interaction and co-development of termite excreta with conidia,hyphae of Termitomyces albuminosus and related environmental microorganisms,and then when the conditions are ripe,fugal hyphae are fomed,which in turn form the fruiting body of Termitomyces albuminosus.In this paper,29 samples of termites in Guizhou Province are collected,the morphology of termites is observed by light microscope and their DNA are extracted for sequencing identification,and the phylogenetic tree is constructed by using MEGA7.0 to determine the type of termite samples,aiming at laying a foundation for studying the symbiotic relationship between termites and Termitomyces albuminosus.

关 键 词：鸡枞菌 白蚁 鉴定 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学] Q968[农业科学—园艺学]