论数字卦中的“七”及其合文书写  

On Number Seven in Numerical Hexagrams and Its Co-writing

作　　者：杨胜男 YANG Sheng-nan

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第5期102-112,共11页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目:“先秦两汉出土易类文献汇篡通考与话语体系建构研究”(23VJXT002)。

摘　　要：综合考察出土数字卦材料与筮法可知,数字卦用数应没有一,所有数字卦中的“—”都表示七。七在数字卦中最初写作“■”,当六、七或者七、七连续出现时,二者的卦画书写可构成合文,并存在简化的趋势。其中,六、七的数字符号自下而上分开写作“■”,相接作“■”,连笔作“■”,最后简化成“■”;七、七的数字符号自下而上分开写作“■”,连笔作“■”,又可作“■”“■”,最后简化为“■”,可见“—”产生于数字卦合文书写过程中对“■”的简化。同器不同卦中七的书写形式不同,未必标志着不同的筮法系统,更可能是不同契刻者书写习惯存在差异所致。讨论数字卦用数七的合文书写,为探索《周易》符号的起源问题提供了新的思考。从“■”到“—”的演变,表明阴阳爻很可能产生于数字爻之后,这种书写转换既是阴阳爻取代数字爻象征意义的过渡环节,也便于《周易》重卦、变卦等形式结构的升华。Based on a comprehensive investigation of the unearthed numerical hexagram materials and divination methods,it is known that there should not have“one”used in numerical hexagram.The“—”in all numerical hexagrams represent number seven.Seven was originally written as“■”in numerical hexagrams,and when six,seven appear or seven appears consecutively,the two hexagram-writing can form a combined text with a tendency towards simplification.Among them,the numerical symbols of six and seven are written separately from bottom to top as“■”,co-written as“■”,cursive written as“■”,and finally simplified as“■”;Double seven is written as“■”from bottom to top,cursive written as“■”or“■”,“■”and finally simplified as“■”,indicating that“—”originated from the simplification of“■”in the process of numerical hexagram co-writing.The different writing forms of seven in different hexagrams of the same vessel may not necessarily indicate different divination systems,but rather may be due to differences in writing habits of different carvers.The discussion on the use of number seven in the writing of numerical hexagrams provides new insights into the origin of symbols of the Book of Changes.The evolution from“■”to“—”indicates that the yin-yang line is likely to have originated after the numerical line.This writing transformation is not only a transitional step for the yin-yang line to take on the symbolic meaning of numerical lines,but also facilitates the sublimation of formal structures such as doubled trigrams and hexagram changes in the Book of Changes.

关 键 词：数字卦 合文 阳爻 《周易》 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]