命题与命题态度——对杰弗里·金谓词策略的反驳  

Propositions and Propositional Attitudes:A Study of Jeffrey King’s Predicate Strategy

作　　者：杨博文 Bowen Yang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2024年第5期71-94,共24页Studies in Logic

摘　　要：关系分析理论指出,形如“阿奎那相信上帝存在”的语句为真,当且仅当主体与命题处于特定的命题态度关系之中;其中从句为指称某命题的单独词项。但替换失败论证对此提出了质疑:若上述理论为真,那么两个指称同一命题的表达式在外延语境下随意替换不改变整个语句的真值;但一些反例表明替换并不保真。为避免上述困境,命题实在论者杰弗里·金将替换失败的原因归结于谓词部分。但金的策略存在诸多不足。它难与命题实在论者的部分共识相容,且蕴含错误的结论,并预设了不牢靠的前提。即便金提供了独立证据,但其证据并非决定性的。进一步的考察表明,替换失败现象的根源不在谓词部分,而在态度动词之后的从句。The relational analysis of propositional attitudes states that a sentence like“Aquinas believes that God exists”is true if and only if the subject and the proposition are in a specific relation which the attitude verb expresses.However,the substitution failure challenges this idea:if the aforementioned theory holds true,then two expressions referring to the same proposition can be substituted in extensional contexts without altering the truth value of the entire sentence.Yet,some counterexamples suggest that substitution does not preserve truth.To circumvent this predicament,the propositional realist,Jeffrey King,attributes the failure of substitution to the predicate part.However,this paper will highlight the inadequacies of King’s strategy.It struggles to reconcile with a shared view of propositional realists,contains flawed conclusions and presupposes untenable or erroneous premises.Even if King offers independent evidence,it is not conclusive.Further scrutiny seems to reveal that the root of the substitution failure lies after the predicates,rather than in the predicates themselves.

关 键 词：命题态度 关系分析理论 替换失败现象 谓词策略 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]