人工意识:从不可能性到可实现性  

Artificial Consciousness:From Impossibility to Realizability

作　　者：魏屹东[1] WEI Yidong

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第10期17-27,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工认知对自然认知挑战的哲学研究”(21&ZD061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工智能的发展使得人工意识或机器意识成为一个被关注的主题。但人是机器的理念与机器是人的理念并不等同,人有意识而机器没有是基本共识。然而,人工智能的巨大成功激发人们去探讨人工意识和人工生命问题,这其中必然会面临许多挑战和争论,包括哲学的、伦理的以及科学和技术的。具体而言,这些挑战和争论涉及人工意识的可能性与不可能性,它与心智的相关性和组成的无关性,智能体的形态计算性与可实现性以及其内在世界与外在环境的耦合关系,智能体的道德地位的实在论与关系论之争,其中一个核心问题是如何知道机器有意识这个认识论难题,该问题可能通过对人工意识进行文化建构和适应性表征来解决。The development of artificial intelligence has made artificial or machine consciousness a subject of interest.However,the idea of man as machine is not equivalent to the idea of machine as man.It is basically a consensus that humans are conscious while machines are not.However,the great success of AI has inspired people to explore the questions of artificial consciousness and artificial life,which inevitably involves many challenges and debates,including philosophical,ethical,as well as scientific and technological ones.Specifically,these challenges and debates relate to the possibility and impossibility of artificial consciousness,its relevance and compositional irrelevance to the mind,the morpho-computational versus realizability of intelligences and the coupling of their inner worlds to their outer environments,and the debate between realism and relationism about the moral status of artificial agent,with a central issue being the epistemological conundrum of how to know what a machine is conscious of,which may be solved by cultural construction and adaptive representation of artificial consciousness.

关 键 词：人工意识 人工智能 形态计算 可实现性 适应性表征 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]