宪法上生育权的双重性质及其规则化路径  

The Dual Nature of Constitutional Reproductive Right and Its Normative Approach

作　　者：马平[1] MA Ping

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,650224

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2024年第6期33-41,共9页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：西南林业大学重点文科项目阶段成果,项目编号:WKZD2202。

摘　　要：宪法上的生育权既是主观权利又是客观法规范,前者指向公民得以主张可直接法律适用的性质,后者指向公权力机构应创造和维护权利实现的义务。目前生育权还没有明确而坚实的法律立法,未足以保障个人生育领域内的自由意志与相应诉求;家庭暴力、家庭财产等规范尚不完善,助长了“恐婚恐育”;风险的社会保障不足,家庭与女性承担了大部分的生育成本,这些都是造成低生育率的重要原因。应确认生育权在主观权利角度之自治性、客观法角度维系代际人口更替之重要秩序价值,据此检视现行法律规则体系,系统改善造成生育意愿低迷的状况:明确生育权保障立法,创造关照女性全生命周期的安全环境,支持公民生育力保存,协助应对生育力受损。当下特别需要调整公共资源分配规则改进生育相关成本的承担机制,以缓解生育率下降的趋势。The right to reproduction in the Constitution is both a subjective right and an objective legal norm,the former referring to the nature of citizens being able to assert the direct legal application,and the latter referring to the legislative,judicial and administrative obligations that should create and protect the realization of rights.At present,there is a certain conflict between the birth policy and the reproductive rights of citizens,which is not enough to protect the free will of individuals in this area.The legal norms on domestic violence,family property and some other issues partly promote"fear of marriage and childbearing".Inadequate social protection at risk results in families and women bearing most of the cost of childbearing.All the above are important reasons for low fertility.Hence,it is necessary to recognize the self-reliance of reproductive rights,the important constitutional value of protecting citizens'autonomy and maintaining intergenerational population replacement,then review the system of legal rules,systematically improve the situation that causes the low desire to have children,create a safe environment that cares for women throughout their life cycle,and assist in coping with fertility damage.At present,it is especially necessary to improve the mechanism of costs related to childbirth by adjusting the rules of resource allocation,so as to alleviate the trend of declining fertility.

关 键 词：生育权 主观权利 客观法规范 法律规则 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]