秦巴山片区生态敏感性评价及地形梯度特征  

Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity and Its Topographic Gradient Characteristics in Qinling-Bashan Mountains

作　　者：张静[1] 秦公伟[2] 苏雪萌 徐增让[3] 成升魁[3] ZHANG Jing;QIN Gongwei;SU Xuemng;XU Zengrang;CHENG Shengkui(School of Humanities,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China;School of Biological Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学人文学院,陕西汉中723001 [2]陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院,陕西汉中723001 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第5期332-342,352,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42001207);陕西省教育厅社会科学重点研究基地项目(17JZ018);陕西理工大学重点科研机构开放课题项目(SLGPT2019KF04-06,SLGPT2019KF01-32);陕西理工大学校级人才启动项目(SLG2019RC23)。

摘　　要：[目的]秦巴山片区不仅是我国重要的生态功能区,也是国家集中连片特困区,加强生态敏感性评价,揭示其地形梯度特征,对于山区生态红线划定和生态高地建设具有重要价值。[方法]借助GIS技术,以土地利用/覆被、气候、地形和土壤等数据为基础,综合采用线性加权求和法、熵权法、空间叠置法等,评价区域生态敏感性,并进行敏感性功能区划。[结果](1)2000-2018年秦巴山片区生态敏感性呈现波动性变化,2010年以后生态敏感性有所降低;(2)水平方向上呈现南高北低的格局,巴山山区县生态敏感性高于秦岭山区县;(3)垂直方向上,随着地形的增加,生态敏感性呈现“先增加后降低再增加”的态势;在海拔900 m附近最高;重度以上生态敏感性在地表切割深度75~200 m和坡度15°~25°分布面积最广;(4)基于生态敏感性评价结果,将秦巴山片区分为重点建设区、适度开发区、水土保持区、一般生态区和重要生态功能区,归纳各功能区土地利用和生态敏感性特征,并提出生态保护对策。[结论]未来要持续优化土地利用格局,加强坡度15°以上和中低地形位区域的山水林湖田草综合整治与生态修复。[Objective]Qinling-Bashan mountains are not only an important ecological function area,but also a concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken area in China.It is of great practical significance to strengthen the ecological sensitivity evaluation and reveal the terrain gradient characteristics for the delineation of ecological red line and the construction of regional ecological highlands in the mountainous area.[Methods]Based on the data of land use/cover,climate,terrain and soil type,the linear weighted sum method,entropy weight method and spatial overlay analysis method have been used to evaluate its ecological sensitivity,and the sensitive function zoning and ecological protection countermeasures have been put forward.[Results](1)The ecological sensitivity fluctuated in Qinling-Bashan mountains during 2000-2018 and it decreased after 2010;(2)Horizontally,the ecological sensitivity of Bashan mountains is higher than that of Qinling mountains;(3)Vertically,with the increase of terrain,it shows the trend of“first increasing-decreasing-then increasing”.The ecological sensitivity is the highest around 900 m of elevation,and the distribution area of ecological sensitivity above severe degree is the most extensive in 75~200 m of surface cutting depth and 15°~25°of slope.(4)According to the evaluation results,it is divided into five types:key construction area,moderate development area,soil-and-water conservation area,general ecological area and important ecological area,and their characteristics and protection countermeasures have been summed up and put forward.[Conclusion]In the future,we should continually optimize the land use pattern,strengthen the comprehensive management and ecological restoration of mountains,forest,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.

关 键 词：生态敏感性 土地利用 地形梯度 秦巴山片区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q148[生物学—生态学]