基于电流值分析的三相逆变器开关管开路故障诊断方法  

Fault diagnosis method for open-circuit switches in three-phase inverters based on current value analysis

作　　者：罗屿 陈春阳[2] 石英春 曾小军 LUO Yu;CHEN Chunyang;SHI Yingchun;ZENG Xiaojun(Hunan University of Technology,School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Zhuzhou 412007,China;School of Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;State Grid Hengyang Power Supply Company,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南株洲412007 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [3]国网衡阳供电公司,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第10期4370-4382,共13页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2023JJ60239)。

摘　　要：三相逆变器因能将电能从直流电源高效率地转换为频率和幅度灵活可变的交流电压,在现代工业和能源领域发挥着重要作用。为解决三相逆变器开关管开路故障对系统正常稳定运行造成严重影响问题,提出一种基于相电流值分析的三相逆变器单开关和双开关开路故障诊断方法。首先详尽分析了每个开关管发生开路故障后对相电流的输出值产生的影响。在开关管发生开路故障后,相电流的输出值的最大值不会超出额定幅值的1/3。重点分析了逆变器同侧的双开关同时发生开路故障的电流特性,总结成表,有效消除了以往基于电流的诊断方法中遇到的误诊问题。将每个开关管会被影响的电流波形作为故障检测波形,通过检测起始零点可以获得每个开关管对应的故障检测波形。然后通过统计每个故障检测波的采样值数量是否达到判定函数的条件来快速检测逆变器开关的开路故障。通过半实物仿真平台进行三相逆变器开路故障的实验,验证方法的有效性和准确性。实验展开了对不同类型的三相逆变器开关管开路故障的诊断,实验结果证明了方法能精确地位到不同类型的三相逆变器开路故障,同时也对负载变化的运行情况下的故障诊断表现出高鲁棒性。方法具有快速故障检测、精确定位故障、计算负担低的特点。Three-phase inverters are integral to modern industrial and energy sectors due to their efficiency in converting electrical energy from a direct current source to flexible alternating current voltages with variable frequency and amplitude.To address the serious impact of open-circuit faults in the switch devices of three-phase inverters on the normal and stable operation of the system,a diagnostic method based on the analysis of phase current values for both single-switch and double-switch open-circuit faults was proposed.First,this research comprehensively analyzed the influence of open-circuit faults in each switch device on the output values of phase currents.In each switching device experiencing an open-circuit fault,the maximum value of the output phase current did not exceed one-third of the rated amplitude.The method focused on analyzing the current characteristics of simultaneous open-circuit faults in double switches on the same side of the inverter,summarizing them into a table that effectively eliminates misdiagnosis issues encountered in previous current�based diagnostic methods.The current waveforms affected by each switch device were taken as fault detection waveforms,and the fault detection waveform corresponding to each switch device can be obtained by detecting the starting zero point.Rapid detection of open-circuit faults in the inverter switches was achieved by determining whether the sample values of each fault detection waveform satisfy the conditions of the decision function.The method was validated for its effectiveness and accuracy through experiments on a semi-physical simulation platform for three-phase inverter open-circuit faults.The experiments covered the diagnosis of open-circuit faults in different types of three-phase inverter switch devices.The results demonstrate the method’s ability to accurately locate various types of open-circuit faults in three-phase inverters and exhibit high robustness in fault diagnosis under varying loads.The method was characterized by fast fault d

关 键 词：逆变器 开路故障 故障诊断 电流值 归一化 

分 类 号：TM46[电气工程—电器]